Housing Meaning Essays -- Literary Analysis, Howards End, Forrester

In Howards End by E.M. Forester, the house Howards End has focal significance to the story as each character has an alternate importance for the property. To comprehend this importance better utilizing different homes in the story to portray how each house is not quite the same as Howards End. Utilizing such places as Wickham Place contrasted with Howards End in feeling from what the characters consider them. At that point seeing how unique the Flats are to Howards End however both are homes. Additionally why places, for example, Ducie Street and Oniton Grange are as yet not quite the same as Howards End however every one of the three are of a similar social remaining of one another. At that point how places, for example, Leonard’s Place are on the contrary side of the survey to that of Howards End yet at the same time have importance to it. At that point clarify how Forster can communicate Howards End so well that it appears he himself has lived there. Toward the finish of as sessing different homes and Howards End the proof will show that Howards End being in everything is imperative to the advancement of the story. With contrasting the character’s sentiments with that of Wickham Place to Howards End viewpoints, for example, passionate connection, occasions that happened there and the class each spot conveys with it. With feeling in play Wickham Place hold a dear significance to those of the Schlegal family for some reasons. As expressed in the beginnings of the book the Schlegal’s see Wickham Place as the Wilcox see Howards End as and familial home. In spite of the fact that as Margaret pondered the Wilcox’s in that, â€Å"The Wilcoxes kept on having an extensive influence in her †¦ when it takes various kinds to make a world?†(Forester 12). This to Margaret is what the Wilcoxes rely on †the coarseness and common sense of this present reality. While the Schlegels live in their equall... ...t from Howards End by utilizing their significance to branch from Howards End. Utilizing such places as Wickham Place to Howards End in feeling from what the characters think about one another. At that point seeing how extraordinary the Flats are to Howards End however both are homes the Wilcoxes live in. Additionally why places, for example, Ducie Street and Oniton Grange are as yet not the same as Howards End however every one of the three are of a similar social remaining of one another. At that point how places, for example, Leonard’s Place are on the contrary side of the survey to that of Howards End yet at the same time have importance to it. At that point clarifying how Forster can communicate Howards End so well that it appears he himself has lived there. Toward the finish of assessing different homes and Howards End the close by the Forster clarification plainly Howards End is the center to which the various homes branch from and make the story stream.

External Stakeholders Interest or Claim in Coca-Cola Essay

Outer Stakeholders have a fundamental impact in the accomplishment of Coca Cola. Without the outside partners, Coca Cola would not be the achievement it is today. These associations and people who are viewed as outside partners differ in range and obligation. The most fundamental of the outside partners however one of the most basic are the clients. Without the clients, Coca Cola would be only a name and not an item or global and universal association. Clients go from people to stores or different associations. The clients hold one of the most significant parts in Coca Cola’s achievement. The presentation of the association is estimated by the deals of the Coca Cola items. Additionally, the enthusiasm of what is hot and slanting, regardless of whether it be another flavor or an adjustment in the packaging of an item, the clients request is the thing that the organization must contemplate while introducing its item to this outside partner. Another outer partner who is essential to Coca Cola is the providers. The providers extend from the materials to the bundling organization assume a fundamental job in the activities of regular day to day existence inside and around Coca Cola. Correspondence in and around the gracefully chain through administration it assists with keeping a very much oiled machine going. The suppliers’ intrigue or guarantee in Coca Cola is straightforward. With Coca Cola as one of its customers, these providers remain to run and make a decent benefit and have persistent business. The nature of the work these providers have must satisfy Coca Cola’s guidelines. These providers safeguard Coca Cola that their norms are acceptable and are assessed. (Dione, 2010). Contenders are another outside partner. Coca Cola has different contenders from Pepsi to 7up (Dione, 2010).. These contenders cause Coca Cola to remain alert. The intrigue these outer partners have is ensuring they are remaining seri ous with what Coca Cola is introducing and selling. These contenders would prefer not to be out sold Coca Cola. What this accomplishes for Coca Cola is it causes them to remain alert. Organizations that realize they have rivalry are imaginative and inventive as they attempt to remain one stride in front of their opposition. Media is an outside partner. Publicizing is utilized to introduce business of present and new items. Coca Cola exploits this by utilizing the media to advance its image around the world. From TV, papers, magazines, radio, and the web, the world canâ find Coca Cola all over. The nearby network is a partner. Association, for example, Green Peace, Labor Unions, and other condition associations have the chance to place their name and cause before the general population with the assistance and backing of Coca Cola. (Dione, 2010). Government Agencies are additionally outside partner. Coca Cola is a global association. Coca Cola need to facilitate with governments around the globe to sell their items. Knowing the traditions and the guidelines of that nation is significant. The intrigue held by the administration is that the nearness of Coca Cola inside its nation can support its economy. (â€Å"Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities†, 2003-2013). These outer partners all have a stake in the achievement of Coca Cola. From the clients to the providers, media, and the contenders, they all have some to pick up and lose. These outer components are what make Coca Cola what it is today and tomorrow. Outside Stakeholders Authority and Responsibility to Coca Cola Every outside partner has authority and duty to their locale, rival, and the individuals who have an enthusiasm for it. Numerous associations bolster their locale. Consequently, the association anticipates a type of devotion consequently. Clients have the power to represent the moment of truth an organization. Regardless of whether they buy the item or take a stand in opposition to the item. The voice of the buyer is ground-breaking. Along these lines, it is the duty of the buyers to stand up dependably. (â€Å"Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities†, 2003-2013). Providers have the power to slow up or accelerate creations. On the off chance that a provider is out of a material required, that provider can end the creation and hurt deals. It is the duty of the provider to keep on recognizing what they have and the amount of what they have. Conveying that data to Coca Cola is basic in their business with Coca Cola and conceivable different organizations. (â€Å"Defining Stakeholders And Their Responsibilities†, 2003-2013). It is the power and duty of the outer partners to have their impact in making and elevating a working relationship to benefits both the outside partner and Coca Cola. References Characterizing Stakeholders and their obligations. (2003-2013). Recovered from http://www.ukessays.com/papers/business/characterizing partners and-their-obligations and-effect on-associations business-essay.php Dione, Ivana. (2010). ID of Coca Cola’sOrganizational Environment. Recovered from http://www.scribd.com/doc/26976302/Organizational-Environment-Identification-in-Coca-Cola-Bottling-Indonesia

Schnitzer Prize Winners!

Schnitzer Prize Winners! [by Ken Haggerty 11] Its summer! Which means that yet another academic year is completed, and as such, its also the time of year that MIT doles out various awards and honors to those whove made significant contributions to MIT life, culture, and academics. In the realm of [emailprotected], this means recognizing the winners of the Harold and Arlene Schnitzer Prize in the Visual Arts. So without further ado: *2010 SCHNITZER PRIZE WINNERS* FIRST PRIZE: Richard The (G) SECOND PRIZE: Jaekyung Jung (G) THIRD PRIZE: Sam Kronick 10 Last Friday I had the chance to check out all three recipients art as part of the annual exhibit of Schnitzer Prize winners at the Wiesner Student Art Gallery in the MIT Student Center. Richard The (G) ABOVE: Appeel (left) and Omnivisu (right) by Richard The (G). (Photos provided by Richard The) Richard is a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab and is a part of an art collective called The Green Eyl, named after three of its five members (Richard The, Gunnar Green, and Frdric Eyl, + Dominik Schumacher Willy Sengewald). As part of the Schnitzer exhibit, Richard showcased three of his pieces. The first, Appeel, was a large wall covered in peelable orange stickers. Viewers were allowed to peel, replace, and take the stickers as pleased, resulting in an ever-changing amalgam of graffiti, text, and images, all made from the presence or absence of the stickers. The wall has been displayed at a bunch of venues, including the famous Ars Electronica. When it was shown at Ars Electronica, some people even took the stickers with them and replaced them thousands of miles away. Richard told me that when he was in London, he found one of the stickers on a street sign. Its a kind of viral art, so to speak. Another of Richards pieces was Omnivisu, a temporary installation atop an interchange station in Berlin. The piece allowed an observer to look into a box which would then project the observers eyes onto the exterior windows of the currently-vacant office space which had once been owned by Narva, a light-bulb manufacturer and company that was part of Berlins new economy boom. The piece gave a literal face to the building that gazed out over the city at night, using the eyes of the citys inhabitants. Thats pretty cool. Richards last piece (not pictured here, unfortunately) was a giant mural assembled on a plaza using pennies, which was really beautiful and intricate. After the mural was unveiled, people were allowed to interact with the piece much like Appeel, but apparently a concerned citizen later called the police, who then came over and swept the piece away in an odd effort to preserve it. Jaekyung Jung (G) ABOVE: A video piece (left) and Hit Here If You Feel Victimized (right) by Jaekyung Jung (G). (Photos provided by Jaekyung Jung) Jaekyung is a student in MITs graduate program in visual arts (formerly VAP, now ACT). He showed two pieces at the Schnitzer exhibit. The first, an untitled video piece (or at least, I didnt catch the title) is a six-screen video of Jaekyung listening to comedy programs in six different languages (as rated by his friends). The video shows his reactions to the programs. For most, the expressions are subtlemore reflections of an appreciation that something funny is happening without understanding the precise nature of the joke. In the bottom left screen, Jaekyung listens and reacts to a Korean comedy program, and as a native Korean, you can immediately see the difference in reactions. Jaekyung told me that the piece reflects how he feels when trying to integrate in America. Headphones are provided so that you can listen along. I wish there was a mirror, though, so that the observer could compare his/her reactions to that of Jaekyung while listening along. Jaekyungs second work was a performance art piece he did for a VAP class back in September of 2008. He and friends walked around Boston with a drum bearing the phrase HIT HERE IF YOU FEEL VICTIMIZED. Anyone who wanted to could come up and take a whack at the drum. I asked Jaekyung about the people he met. He told me that most struck the drum in good fun rather than in frustration, although there were a few who stood out, including a homeless veteran who, despite his good demeanor, may have felt a greater emotional relation to the piece. As Jaekyung notes, The act of hitting the drum becomes the healing ritual. Sam Kronick 10 ABOVE: Walkinghouse (left) and The Microdot (right) by Sam Kronick 10. (Photos provided by Sam Kronick) Finally, the undergraduate! So Im a bit biased, of courseboth because its wonderful to see an MIT undergraduate doing art (and for fun!) and because, as a former architecture major, Im acquaintances with Sam. Sams work is really awesome. Walkinghouse, which he did as part of N55, an artists collective in Copenhagen, is a modern day Conestoga wagon. Its solar powered, surprisingly roomy, and even has a wood-burning stove. It reminds me of something Buckminster Fuller would dream up. Sams other piece (his Senior thesis) was the Microdot, an impromptu micro-nation he organized this past spring on MITs McDermott Dot. In addition to founding the nation, he and fellow friends used the opportunity to conceive of a novel culture, history, and politic, based on Sams previous studies and various precedents. Once its all done and published, you should check out his documentation of the Microdot project, which should be available in one of MITs libraries for public viewing.

List of Government Shutdowns

In United States politics, â€Å"government shutdowns† occur whenever Congress fails to pass or the President of the United States refuses to sign or vetoes legislation funding the operation of some or all government agencies. Under the Antideficiency Act of 1982, the federal government must â€Å"shutdown† the affected agencies by both furloughing non-essential personnel and curtailing agency activities and services that do not directly relate to national security. Key Takeaways Government shutdowns happen when legislation to allocate money needed for the operation of the government agencies fails to be enacted.By law, most government agencies must furlough their non-essential personnel and stop or limit their activities during a government shutdown.While few last very long, all government shutdowns result in increased costs of government and inconvenience for many citizens.   While most government shutdowns are of relatively short duration, they all result in the disruption to government services and increased costs to the government—and thus taxpayers—due to lost labor. According to the financial rating agency Standard Poors, the 16-day shutdown from October 1, to October 17, 2013, had â€Å"taken $24 billion out of the economy,† and â€Å"shaved at least 0.6 percent off annualized fourth-quarter 2013 GDP growth.† The many  government shutdowns have done little to help Congress abysmal approval ratings. There were six shutdowns ranging from eight to 17 days in the late 1970s, but the duration of government shutdowns shrank dramatically beginning in the 1980s. And then there was the government shutdown in late 1995; that lasted three weeks and sent nearly 300,000 government workers home without paychecks. The gridlock came during President Bill Clintons administration. The dispute between the Democrats and the Republicans was over disparate economic forecasts and whether the Clinton White House budget would result in a deficit or not.   Weaponized Shutdowns Occasionally, both Congress and presidents use government shutdowns as a way of accomplishing political goals not directly related to larger budgetary concerns like reducing the national debt or deficit. For example, in 2013, the Republican majority in the House of Representatives forced a lengthy shutdown in an unsuccessful attempt to get Democratic President Barack Obama to repeal the Affordable Care Act. The Border Wall Shutdown of 2019 The third shutdown during the Donald Trump presidency began at midnight on December 22, 2018, when funding for nearly a quarter of the federal government ran out. The shutdown was triggered when Congress and President Trump were unable to agree on the inclusion in the spending bill of some $5.7 billion requested by President Trump for the construction of an additional section of immigration security wall or fencing along the U.S. border with Mexico. According to the White House’s Office of Management and Budget, the $5.7 billion requested by President Trump would allow for the addition of about 234 miles of steel fencing to 580 miles already in place, leaving about 1,140 miles of the 1,954-mile long border still not fenced. In a televised address to the nation on January 8, 2019, President Trump warned that unless Congress agreed to include the funding, he would declare a national emergency allowing him to bypass Congress by diverting existing funds intended for other purposes to build the wall. However, after a meeting between Trump and House and Senate Democratic leaders on January 9 failed to reach a compromise, the shutdown continued. At midnight on Saturday, January 12, 2019, the 22-day-long shutdown became the longest in U.S. history. An estimated 800,000 federal employees—including Border Patrol officers, TSA agents, and air traffic controllers—were either working without pay or had been sent home on unpaid furlough. Though Congress had passed a bill on January 11 ensuring that unpaid employees would receive full back pay after the shutdown ended, that end remained nowhere in sight. On January 19, the 29th day of the shutdown, President Trump offered Democrats a deal to end it. In return for congressional approval of a $7 billion border security package, including $5.7 billion for the border wall, the president offered to extend for three years the DACA—Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. DACA is an expired Obama-era policy allowing eligible persons who entered the United States illegally as children to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the U.S.   Democrats quickly rejected the proposal, arguing that it did not offer a permanent renewal of the DACA program and still included funding for the border wall. Democrats again refused to further talks until President Trump ended the government shutdown. By January 24, the then 34-day-long partial government was costing U.S. taxpayers more than $86 million a day in back pay promised to more than 800,000 furloughed workers, according to Government Executive magazine, based on salary data from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM). Agreement Temporarily Reopens Government In at least a temporary solution, President Trump, on January 25, announced that he had struck a deal with Democratic leaders in Congress to allow the government to reopen until February 15 without including funding for the construction of any additional border barrier. Negotiations of border wall funding were to continue during the three-week period. The President stressed that a border wall remained a necessity for national security and that if Congress did not agree to fund it by the February 15 deadline, he either reinstate the government shutdown or declare a national emergency allowing existing funds to be used for the purpose. Shutdown Averted, but National Emergency Declared On February 15, 2019, President Trump signed a compromise Homeland Security spending bill averting another shutdown However, the bill provided only $1.375 billion for 55 miles of new border fencing, far short of the $5.7 billion he had requested for 234 miles of new solid steel walls. At the same time, the president declared a national emergency redirecting $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of new border wall, and signed executive orders redirecting $600 million from the Treasury Departments drug forfeiture fund, and $2.5 billion from the Defense Department’s drug interdiction program for the same purpose.   A Fourth Trump Wall Shutdown Loomed On March 11, 2019, President Trump sent Congress a $4.7 trillion spending proposal for the government’s 2020 budget that included another $8.6 billion for U.S.-Mexico border wall construction. Bringing the threat of a fourth government shutdown of the Trump presidency, Democratic lawmakers immediately vowed to block further border wall funding. In a joint statement, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer reminded the president of the â€Å"widespread chaos† that had â€Å"hurt millions of Americans† during the 34-day border wall shutdown from December 22, 2018, to January 24, 2019. â€Å"The same thing will repeat itself if he tries this again. We hope he learned his lesson,† wrote Pelosi and Schumer. By law, Congress had until October 1, 2019, to approve the 2020 budget.   More  Recent Major Government Shutdowns The most recent government major shutdowns before 2018 came in the 1996 fiscal year, during the Clinton administration. The first government shutdown of the Clinton administration lasted five full days from Nov. 13 through Nov. 19, 1995, according to the Congressional Research Service. Some 800,000 federal workers were furloughed during that shutdown.The second government shutdown was the longest government shutdown lasted 21 full days from Dec. 15, 1995, to Jan. 6, 1996. Some 284,000 government workers were furloughed and another 475,000 worked without pay, according to the Congressional Research Service. List of All Government Shutdowns and their Duration This list of government shutdowns in the past was drawn from Congressional Research Service reports: 2018-2019 (President Donald Trump): December 22, 2018 to January 25, 2019 - 34 days2018 (President Donald Trump): January 20 to January 23 - 3 days2018 (President Donald Trump): February 9 – 1 day.2013 (President Barack Obama): October 1 to  October. 17 - 16 days1995-1996 (President Bill Clinton): December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996, - 21 days1995 (President Bill Clinton): Nov. 14 to 19 - 5 days1990 (President George H.W. Bush): October 5 to 9 - 3 days1987 (President Ronald Reagan): December 18 to December 20 - 1 day1986 (President Ronald Reagan): October 16 to October 18 - 1 day1984 (President Ronald Reagan): October 3 to October 5 - 1 day1984 (President Ronald Reagan): September 30 to October 3 - 2 days1983 (President Ronald Reagan): November 10 to November 14 - 3 days1982 (President Ronald Reagan): December 17 to December 21 - 3 days1982 (President Ronald Reagan): September 30 to October 2 - 1 day1981 (President Ronald Reagan): November 20 to November 23 - 2 days1979 (P resident Jimmy Carter): September 30 to October 12 - 11 days1978 (President Jimmy Carter): September 30 to October 18 18 days1977 (President Jimmy Carter): November 30 to December 9 - 8 days1977 (President Jimmy Carter): October 31 to November 9 - 8 days1977 (President Jimmy Carter): September 30 to October 13 - 12 days1976 (President Gerald Ford): September 30 to October 11 - 10 days Updated by Robert Longley

Human Resource Management Health Care Organization

Human resource management in a health care organization Introduction Managing human resources helps health care organizations to be effective. Human resource management (HRM) functions involve the recruitment, placement, evaluation, compensation and development of the employees of an organization. Human resource management incorporates various functions. The primary function of HRM is to increase the effectiveness and contribution of employees in the attainment of the goals and objectives of the organization. Unique challenges Staffing Staffing in a health care organization is an extremely important part of human resource management. It helps to identify the strengths of the current workforce and opportunities for improvement that relate to the delivery of service within the organization. In order to find out the staffing issues within a health care organization, it is important to conduct an analysis of the whole organization in order to view the arising matters. This assessment should also look at the performance measures for the organization and make sure these are appropriately addressed ADDIN EN.CITE Mathis2010542(Mathis Jackson, 2010)5425426Mathis, R.L.Jackson, J.H.Human Resource Management2010BelmontCengage Learning9780538453158http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=SKqkQzyy-38C( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_7 o Mathis, 2010 #542 Mathis Jackson, 2010). Staffing is a unique challenge in a healthcare organization since the organization has several human resourceShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management Roles592 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Resource Management’s Role in the Health Care Industry HCS/341 Human Resources in Health Care January 9, 2012 Diane Rodriguez â€Æ' Human Resource Management’s Role in the Health Care Industry Human Resource Management helps healthcare organizations maintain a great relationship between the employees and their organization. Human Resource department of an organization has multiple responsibilities and its primary purpose is to improve the productive contribution of people within anRead MoreOrganization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology1319 Words   |  6 PagesApplication: Organization Planning, Project Management, and Information Technology The successful implementation and subsequent meaningful use of information technology solutions within a health care organization is a challenging and iterative process. The organization must engage in careful and ongoing strategic and tactical planning to ensure that the implemented technology will ultimately be effective and beneficial for its practitioners, staff, and patients. 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It is an important trend that has also affected the health care workforce. Increased use of Information Technology in the health care organizations has le d to related changes in the compositionRead MoreHenry Ford Health Systems: Human Resources Models Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesDuring my senior year of undergraduate studies at Wayne State University, I shadowed a pediatrics physician at a Henry Ford Medical Group center in Dearborn, MI. The HFMG is part of Henry Ford Health Systems. The Henry Ford Health Systems employs over 23,000 employees while the HFMG employs over 1,300 senior staff physicians and researchers along with 3,100 non-physician providers and support staff. â€Å"The HFMG generates $750M in net revenue, which represents about 33% of total HFHS provider revenues†Read MoreHealth Care At The Healthcare Industry1684 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care informatics delivers a promising future for the health care industry. Big data analytics, computer aided decision support, and systems integration will provide health care organizations with new tactics to treat patients while controlling cost. â€Å"Widespread us e of health IT within the health care industry will improve the quality of health care, prevent medical errors, reduce health care costs, increase administrative efficiencies, decrease paperwork, and expand access to affordable healthRead MoreHuman Resources Management Approach to Samhsa Strategic Initiatives1526 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Resources Management Approach to SAMHSA Strategic Initiatives Alena De la cruz Saint Leo University Professor McCabe October 25, 2014 The human resources department plays an important role when it comes down to strategic planning. To illustrate this form of planning is a vital component in strategic human resource management. 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It is vital that human resources department gives room for working closely with all parties in the organization. This ensures that the health institution becomes successful. The department works closely with all employees to assist a person to understand their responsibilitiesRead MoreHris Project1406 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Systems for Human Resources Management Information is an essential tool for managers in the retention, recruitment, utilization and evaluation of human resources in health services organizations. Since they support the goals and objectives of the organization, information systems play an important role in planning and management of human resources. These systems will serve as an important personnel administration operational programs, including employee record keeping, budget control

A Review of the Research Study Free Essays

The study is a mixed theoretical-empirical study regarding bystander intervention. It is theoretical in the sense that it applies known concepts of the bystander effect and helping mechanisms. It is however dominantly empirical since it bases its findings and method on observations of actual circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on A Review of the Research Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now It attempts to reproduce actual situations through a controlled experimental environment wherein limited variables are introduced and measured by the researchers. The experiment presumes to manifest high external validity in the sense that the situation presented could likely occur in actual real-life scenarios. Even the theory behind the research has been observed to happen in actual crimes or situations. In fact, this same research resulted from a crime effected in New York wherein witnesses failed to give aid to the victim. Thus, if variables were adequately isolated and conclusions logically inferred, the results of such experiment would be highly valid externally. The problem herein lies in the low levels of construct validity. Albeit the generalizability of the theories in question, it is questionable whether the appropriate instruments of measurement were in place. The results of the experiment discussed the effect of group number, sex, and educational background on bystander intervention. However only one of these factors was adequately represented, that of group number. Bystander intervention was in practice representative only of the presence of unobservable or unperceived bystanders, as differentiated in the study’s literature. The effect of bystander presence with regard to perceived and observable bystanders could not have been measured by the researchers as all the bystanders they had planted in the experiment with the participant were unobservable, as they were supposedly in different rooms. The factor sex was discussed whenever the participant’s sex was different from that of the perceived group member or members, particularly the difference when there was a potential male volunteer in the group. However, the research design shows a large inequality in the number of male and female participants. Further, the research shown to back up the discussion had not been previously discussed to ground the relevance of the effect of sex in helping as to that of the actual study. In other words, there was no previous discussion as to the intent of the researchers to measure such factor, giving the impression that the discussion was inserted only after the results of the experiment had come in – an unreliable and bias-prone practice in research. Further, the factor regarding the medical background of a potential volunteer and other group member was likewise not discussed until the results portion of the paper. The failure to distribute this factor to the three observed group sizes may also have presented disparity in the data gathered. There was also a lengthy discussion in the results regarding the avoidant-avoidant nature of the conflict that emerged in participants who did not intervene in the emergency presented. T his is highly speculative in nature and is largely unsupported by self-reports presented in the research paper. In fact, there wasn’t even any previous research presented to ground the arguments made. There seems to be high internal validity as the research adequately described the means of measuring intervention and gave data and computations regarding the measurements obtained. There was also adequate presentation of the commutations of the participation of the respondents. Further, there was also a note regarding participants who had been dropped and for what reason this had been done.   Despite what would have been expected given the high external validity of the concept being studied, the results of this experiment show low external validity. The situation presented shows a bystander who has previous knowledge regarding the situation of the victim of the emergency. The bystander thus has knowledge of the nature of the emergency and the cause of the same. Furthermore, the previous rounds of discussion that the participants had engaged in regarding their college experiences establishes a semblance of relationship between them. The mere fact that they are in the same research environment for a psychological experiment already creates a level of relation between the participant and the victim. This may not be and often is not the case with actual situations wherein the bystander effect is observed. In many of these situations the participant is not related to the victim and there is no knowledge regarding the situation unfolding – except for certain circumstances where the extremist nature of the emergency could not be mistaken for any other situation. Overall, the research proves to be high in internal validity, low in construct validity, and low in external validity. Based on existing literature regarding this topic, the research presented information consistent with findings of other researchers. An increase in group size has been found to have a minimizing effect on bystander intervention. The findings, such as in the murder case presented as the ratio for the research in question, display this finding in practice. It   should be bourne in mind however that in spite of the correct conclusion of the research hypothesis, the other results should not be taken at face value, nor should the procedure employed by the researchers by reproduced without thorough analysis of the accurate representation of variables. Reference Darley, J. M., Latane, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8 (4), 377-383. How to cite A Review of the Research Study, Essays

Reproductive and Healthcare Inequality an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Reproductive and Healthcare Inequality Access to health care is highly important these days, with the presence of deadly diseases that threaten the lives of individuals, most especially children and women. The current situation of children and women in Africa is alarming, with a high percentage of the female population diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The study conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that HIV is one of the five major causes of fatality in the entire women population around the world. (CDC, 2008a) The staggering statistics in the cases of HIV/AIDS affliction in Southern Africa reveals that even those who are trying to provide medical assistance and health education are affected by the disease. (Wines & LaFraniere, 2004) In the United States, almost half of the population with HIV/AIDS is African Americans. This is in comparison with records of women belonging to different ethnic backgrounds. (CDC, 2008b) Need essay sample on "Reproductive and Healthcare Inequality" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In two reports released by CDC, the organization identified risk factors involved with the growing number of people afflicted with the disease. These risk factors are the causes why it is difficult to prevent the proliferation of the HIV/AIDS virus. According to the first report by CDC tackling HIV/AIDS in women, the risk factors and barriers to the prevention of the said disease include age (the age bracket of women afflicted with the disease ranges from 15-39), irresponsibility of ones partner to acknowledge risk factors (recklessness, bisexuality), heterosexual risk factors (lack of knowledge, drug use, alcohol use, etc.), vulnerability to the disease and the transfer of the disease through sexual means, substance use (the use of injection), socioeconomic issues (lack of access to quality health care services), differences in race and ethnicity, and other factors. (CDC, 2008a) The second report of CDC which deals with the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in the African American population, cites the following risk factors or barriers to prevention: sexual factors (reckless sexual engagement, unknown affliction to an individual of the disease), substance use (the use of injection), lack of information and awareness, sexually transmitted diseases, concealment of homosexuality, and socioeconomic issues. (CDC, 2008b) With these facts in mind, the question is why does the population of women who acquire, suffer, and die from HIV/AIDS increase? Why is there difficulty in the prevention of the occurrence of such diseases? The health care community plays the biggest role in answering this question, and also has the most extensive means or capacity to solve this problem. Along with the health care community, there are other stakeholders who are held responsible to overlook the situation and see what needs to be done in order to lessen the occurrence of women, and people in general, who acquire HIV/AIDS that eventually leads to their death. These stakeholders include religious institutions, educational institutions, non-government organizations who deal specifically with health and information dissemination issues, the government, and the community, and just anyone who have the means and capability of helping. The answer to the question really is, women are being deprived of access to health care education and reproduction services. Although social institutions have been declaring the results of their researches and the plans of action they are willing to implement in order to aid in the HIV/AIDS situation, what we really need to know is are they really helping, or are they making matters worse? One way of dealing with the increasing number of women being afflicted with these deadly diseases, aside from scientific and medicinal means, is to provide them with proper education through intensive information dissemination. This is the ideal scenario in dealing with the issue especially with women, health education, and reproductive health. However, most of the time women, due to their stature in society, are being discriminated upon by the same social institutions who are vowing to help them. The right to accessing health education and reproductive health services is being deprived of them by the same system which promises to provide a resolution to this massive health problem. One example is the situation in Uganda reported in 2005. The abstinence-only program was a U.S. backed program that aims to fight HIV/AIDS. The program is more popularly known in the U.S. as the ABC program, which stands for Abstinence, Be Faithful, and use Condoms. However, this program faced criticisms from other spectators because they do not see it as an efficient way of solving the problem, rather it is discriminatory, demeaning, causing confusion, and will not solve the problem at hand. The ABC program eliminates the need for health education and addressing the problem through medical means. People, especially women have the right to know about HIV/AIDS, the sources of the disease, the risks involved especially in reproduction, etc. The promotion of the use of condom is also controversial because it might confuse not only the contradicting idea of abstinence and condom use, but also on the importance of being responsible partners. People engage in sexual activity should not only resort to abstinence nor condom use. They need to gain awareness about other efficient means of countering HIV/AIDS. (HRW, 2005) Another issue is the implementation of the Global Gag Rule. The Global Gag Rule is removing the right from women to access reproductive and sexual care. Limiting funding and the existence of social institutions who work independently to provide health education and reproductive and sexual care was a means for the U.S. government to transfer funds to medical research and medical assistance to those who are afflicted with the disease. This is the same policy which limits womens capacity to afford family planning and HIV/AIDS health services. The Global Gag Rule is neglecting their needs as human beings and as women who have the responsibility to reproduce. (U.S. Restrictions on International Family Planning, 2008) One example is the choice to undergo abortion or not upon knowing that the mother contracted HIV/AIDS. They have the right to access information about HIV/AIDS and abortion in order for them to make their personal decision about what they want to do. This issue has been highly controversial around the world because the views of the United States, who implemented the Global Gag Rule does not hold true to all countries. The U.S. is not the world. So why is it making decisions for other people? There is no need to stop social institutions from helping women. The argument is also all about the most important solution to counter HIV/AIDS. Is it by conducting research and giving medical assistance directly to HIV/AIDS victims? Or is it the need to provide educational health services and access to reproductive and sex ual health care? Not only are education and health services rights to women, but they are also highly instrumental in the prevention process. This is because the more women know about how to plant their family, control sexual engagement, responsibilities when it comes to reproduction and the risk of transmitting HIV/AIDS during the reproduction process, how to avoid HIV/AIDS, etc., the more people can stop individuals from contracting the deadly disease. Limiting these rights will only cause the continuous increase in HIV/AIDS women victims. If this situation happens, women will not acquire the necessary information regarding family planning and reproductive and sexual health care. This will increase their risk factors, as CDC mentions that lack in education puts women at high risk of contracting the disease. The Global Gag Rule will not lessen the incidence of HIV/AIDS contraction, rather it will worsen the situation. Although medical assistance is a direct way of providing a solution to the problem and funding for research to determine a remedy to HIV/AIDS, the focus of social institutions, especially those who are highly capable of helping and providing assistance, is the prevention of HIV/AIDS contraction, especially in women simply because they are capable of reproduction and that makes them responsible to the life of their children or their future children. The Global Gag Rule began to close down institutions all over the world which provide family planning and reproductive health services to women. This is a form of discrimination, leading to the deprivation of women of their rights to education and their rights to think for themselves and make decisions independently. Education is the key to prevention. This includes equipping women with the knowledge and all the facts, both positive and negative, in order to arm them with the erudition to decide for themselves whether to practice abstinenc e, or to use other means of protection from HIV/AIDS, etc. In general, education equips them with the facts and information to think wisely, and in turn to educate other people they know. References CDC. (2008a). HIV/AIDS among Women. Retrieved August 6, 2008, from CDC. CDC. (2008b). HIV/AIDS among African Americans. HRW. (2005). Uganda: Abstinence-Only Programs Hijack AIDS Success Story. U.S. Restrictions on International Family Planning. (2008). The Global Gag Rule Wines, M. Hut by Hut, AIDS Steal Life in Southern Africa Town. New York Times. (Late Edition (East Coast)). New York, N.Y.: Nov 28, 2004. pg. 1.1