The National Market for Cellular Phone Service Essay -- Business Econo

Figures UnreadableThe National Market for Cellular Ph unitary ServiceThe national carrelular market is undoubtedly one of the nations most expansive markets.In 2003, wireless revenues totaled to over $100 Billion nearly one percent of the United StatesGDP. Since wireless has emerged, the typical buyer has expanded from the averagemiddle/upper-class adult to teenagers, elderly, and business consumers. 20% of Americanteenagers own cell phones, explaining why Virgin Mobile was founded to specifically targetyoung consumers1. There is certainly a large market for business consumers, as many carriers circulate business solutions even in retail outlets. Altogether, its estimated that 50% ofAmericans own cell phones, yielding a consumer base of approximately 147 Million customers2.Although there are over 300 registered national wireless firms, there are only a select fewthat compete in the entire national market3. The attentions largest corporation is VerizonWireless with a 2003 annual re venue of $22.5 Billion and a base of 40.4 Million customers.Sprint PCS, T-Mobile, and Nextel also have growing countrywide networks. Many competitors,although well known, only have coverage areas in sections of the United States. Alltel, forexample, only offers service in the south and midwest. Until recently, Cingular had coverageareas in only the southeastern United States and western parts of the United States. Its recent merge with AT&Twireless, though, will expanded its network to what some speculate will become the largestcountrywide network. Since we are considering the market for national cellular service, we willconsider only the ones with complete nationwide service Verizon Wireless, Sprint PCS, T-1 Brome2 Brian and Tyson... ...escoop.com/.Burden, Eric. individual(prenominal) interview. 6 Dec. 2004.Cingular. .Leslie Cauley, and Paul Davidson. Cingular, AT&T deal gets an OK from Justice. USAToday Oct. 2004 Money, Pg. 03b.Marshall Brian and Jeff Tyson. How Cell Phones Wor k. Article..Nextel. .T-Mobile. .Taylor, John B. Economics. Boston Houghton, 2004RadioShack. .Sprint PCS. .Verizon Wireless. .What is the difference amongst analog and digital cell phones? Article..Wireless Advisor. .Yahoo Finance. .

Free Awakening Essays: A Reader Response :: Chopin Awakening Essays

A Reader Response to The Awakening    The Awakening is a drool that was written when women werent allowed to be unconditional. Kate Chopin was even criticized for the main characters conduct Certainly there is throughout the story an undercurrent of sympathy of Edna, and nowhere a single distinguish of censure of her totally unjustifiable conduct and another said the purport of the story can hardly be described in language suss out for publication. But who can blame them. Edna was a bold woman. She was independent, kept staminate friends, felt passion, was disrespectful to her husband and did not spend much time with her children. Edna was an independent women when women were not allowed to be independent. She openly defied her husband. Remember at the lake when she decided she did not want to go inside when her husband told her to and the fact the she would not go to impertinent York to be with her husband. After he left she decided to use her proclaim money, an d deliberately would not use his things in her new/ pigeon house was another spokesperson of this. She even made a big deal of having him pay for her party. She wanted to express herself and to become creative, which Chopin shows through her art. Edna also starts to associate with art-type people, musicians. I sometimes curiosity why she started to hang around the pianist when she obviously didnt like her during the summer. Was this Ednas way to explore her artistic talents, or was it to get closer to Robert? Ednas husband appears to be the sterile husband of his time. He stayed away most of the time in the summer, visiting on weekends at the beach cottage, but spending allot of time with his male friends playing card games. He appears to love his family, but is hugely critical of Edna. He complains to her about the children, the maids and the food. I dont remember their being pleasant and loving linguistic communication between the two of them, there was show of emotion, but o nly when he was leaving. Mr. P. never realizes that his wife might want to be her own person, have her own interest beside having visitors, making sure his dinner is good and being his wife. When the Doctor tells him to be gentle to his wife and not quarrel with her, that things will pass, it gives him another precedent to break free from a family that he has already emotionally distracted from anyway.

Lord :: essays research papers

Roman Catholic Church fib Basic SourcesGeneral HistoriesThomas Bokenkotter. A Concise History of the Catholic Church (revised and expanded edition). 1990. (BX945.2 .B64 1990) William J. Collinge. Historical Dictionary of Catholicism. 1997. (Reference BX945.2 .C65 1997) Michael Glazier and Thomas J. Shelley, editors. The Encyclopedia of American Catholic History. 1997. (Reference BX1406.2 .E53 1997) J. Derek Holmes and Bernard W. Bickers. A Short History of the Catholic Church. " invigorated Millennium Edition," 2002. (BX945.2.H63 2002) Hubert Jedin and John Dolan, editors. History of the Church. 1980 . (Reference and Stacks BR145.2 .J413 1980) Ten volumes volumes I, III, and IV are titled Handbook of Church History. New Catholic Encyclopedia (2nd edition). 2003. (Reference BX841 .N44 2003) Many articles on historical egestics. Use the Index (Volume 15) to find where particular topics are treated.NOTE The content of the online Catholic Encyclopedia dates from 1913. While it contains valuable historical information, readers should consult more than current sources for updated scholarship. Online chronology Dates and Events in Catholic History, 1st Century to 10th Century and 11th Century to 20th Century from the Catholic Almanac Online. Return to topSaints LivesDavid Hugh Farmer. The Oxford Dictionary of Saints. 1997. (Reference BR1710 .F34 1997) Also available through Oxford Reference Online on all campus networked computers -- select "Religion and Philosophy." On the Internet Catholic Online Saints and AngelsButlers Lives of the Saints. New Full Edition, 1995. 12 volumes, one for each month of the year. (Reference BX4654 .B8 1995) Bert Ghezzi. Voices of the Saints A Year of Readings. 2000. (Reference BX4655.2 .G49 2000) Each brief biography includes "a substantial quotation by or about the saint, big(p) you a feel for what he or she was really like" (Introduction). Ferdinand Holbck. Married Saints and Blesseds Through the Centuries. 2002. (Reference BX4655.3 .H6413 2002) Kathleen Jones. Women Saints Lives of Faith and Courage. 1999. (Reference BX4656 .J66 1999) Richard P. McBrien. Lives of the Saints from Mary and St. Francis of Assisi to John XXIII and Mother Teresa. 2001. (Reference BX4655.3 .M33 2001) In accessory to the lives of holy women and men (both canonized and uncanonized), this volume includes articles on the politics of canonization and the differences between various schools of Christian spirituality. Joseph N. Tylenda, S.J. Jesuit Saints and Martyrs. Second edition, 1998. (Reference and Stacks BX3755 .T94 1998) Kenneth L. Woodward. Making Saints How the Catholic Church Determines Who Becomes a Saint, Who Doesnt, and Why.

Comparing the Dance of Life in My Papa’s Waltz and Saturday Night Fev

Parallels of The Dance of Life in My Papas Waltz and Saturday Night Fever end-to-end the ages, dance has played an important role in society. It symbolizes tradition, family, bonding, and entertainment. In almost every decade of the twentieth century, a different style of dance prevailed. In the 1970s, John Travolta brought disco dancing into the spotlight with his portrayal of Tony Manero in Saturday Night Fever. Through his depiction of this character, John Travolta shows the monumental effects of dancing. Literature can in addition artfully explore the effect of dance on people. Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz dramatizes a special and positive moment in a boys life. The authors word choice studys the consequence of this moment of bonding between a father and his son. Some critics have seen this boys memories as a recollection of a time of abuse. This poem does non reflect an instance of abuse, but rather a dance of life. In Saturday Night Fever, Tony and his friends often drink before and after they dance. It is a part of their routine, but it does not aff...

Population Structure and Economic Implications of Kenya and China :: Papers

Population Structure and Economic Implications of Kenya and China In this piece of text I will be analysing and comparing the creation organize and economic implications of two countries. The two countries that I have chosen are Kenya and China. China is a mixture of an LEDC and an MEDC whilst Kenya is a LEDC. You will be able to bill sticker the difference when I give the facts and details of both countries. Population structure is such things as conclusion rate and also birth rate and population spreads. It also shows the amount of nation that are a certain age. The pyramid can also show the different trends and patterns of the age groups. Economic implications are the lick force of the country and the industries in the countries. Country Status ============== China is a mixed between and LEDC and MEDC as said earlier, this is because the countries has a mixture of areas where some state are not as fortunate as others. The population of this country is around 1.3 billion. By looking at the map below you can propose that it takes up a large space of Asia so there is no surprise that there is a lot of people living in the country. here is a map to show where China is. IMAGE IMAGE Kenya on the other hand is an LEDC suffering from hunger, disease and dehydration. Kenyas population is around 32 million which is untold lower than China because of different death rates birth rates, infant mortality which will be explained later. Here is a map to show where Kenya is situated. A complete opposite to China in population size and status of the country. Death Rate ========== In China there is a small death rate of 7 per 1000 which is very low. The death rate is low because of reasons such as there is good health facilities which obviously means that people can be treated better

Population Structure and Economic Implications of Kenya and China :: Papers

Population Structure and Economic Implications of Kenya and China In this piece of text I will be analysing and comparing the community construction and economic implications of two countries. The two countries that I have chosen are Kenya and China. China is a mixture of an LEDC and an MEDC whilst Kenya is a LEDC. You will be able to incur the difference when I give the facts and details of both countries. Population structure is such things as stopping point rate and also birth rate and population spreads. It also shows the amount of stack that are a certain age. The pyramid can also show the different trends and patterns of the age groups. Economic implications are the die hard force of the country and the industries in the countries. Country Status ============== China is a mixed between and LEDC and MEDC as said earlier, this is because the countries has a mixture of areas where some throng are not as fortunate as others. The populati on of this country is around 1.3 billion. By looking at the map below you can look into that it takes up a large space of Asia so there is no surprise that there is a lot of people living in the country. here(predicate) is a map to show where China is. IMAGE IMAGE Kenya on the other hand is an LEDC suffering from hunger, disease and dehydration. Kenyas population is around 32 million which is a lot lower than China because of different death rates birth rates, infant mortality which will be explained later. Here is a map to show where Kenya is situated. A complete opposite to China in population size and status of the country. Death Rate ========== In China there is a small death rate of 7 per 1000 which is very low. The death rate is low because of reasons such as there is good health facilities which obviously means that people can be treated better

Business Ethics: BA Credit Cards for Illegal Immigrants

Is the grant of a loan as well as issuance of a assurance placard to amerciable immigrants ethical, moral or legal? Is Bank of the States justified in ignoring the ethical, moral and legal issues of granting loans and address cards to culpable immigrants? What could micturate been the more superior reasons for granting loans and impute cards to individuals with turn up Social Security cards and who are in fact illegal immigrants? The need for new markets for loans and credits fairish like any banking institution, the mad scramble for means to increase r eveues can take a number of means including unethical, illegal or immoral means.While the saki of bank management is primarily to generate revenues to meet their compensation package for the expertise provided shareholder value is similarly a strong interest on the part of the corporate board to prioritize revenues. Even labor would seek new benefits and salary adjustments to meet the increasing cost of living. Thus, the com monality of purpose in generating and increasing revenues is tempered by conflicting interests, resulting to further maximization efforts.This optimizing and maximizing strategies under a tightening competitive environment encourages corporate profit takers to severalise new sources of revenues. Here, the groupthink syndrome starts to set aside ethical, moral and legal issues. (Jaksa & Pritchard, 1994) Credit cards and loans provide the vast opportunities for revenues for banks in the form of membership fees, interests, penalties, table service charges, legal fees and otherwise finance terms that mean only one thing revenues and more revenues for the credit card issuer.In some instances, the practice of law even protects the issuing bank and condones its outrageous practices through hidden charges that suddenly appear in the card billing. In some instances, states criminalize credit card defaults. Interests are often compounded monthly at a basic rate of 3 to 5 per cent per mon th which translates into 60 per cent annually without even considering any form of penalty, service charges and other fees. Many cards even automatically increase the credit limit to keep the credit card user paying merely the lower limit interest and leaving the principal to accumulate as means of sustaining revenues on interests alone.The cash payback period for credit card issuer can average at less than two years with the credit card user almost permanently now tied to the principal that now hardly diminishes with the gamut of fees and charges coming. Even US President Barack Obama is concerned about this. (Feller & Aversa, 2009) The consequences Thus, credit cards are often aggressively marketed both to prime and subprime clients with varying fees. With the hundreds of different cards vying for market share, card issuers will non stop at creating markets for new issuances and consumers take pride in having more and more credit cards in their wallets.What then make the illegal immigrants or those without social security number a bright prospect for credit cards or loans? What opportunities and risks do credit card issuers appear in this sector? Why are the requirements limited to the fact that only those with checking accounts during the last three months and without history of overdrafts are qualified? (Feller & Aversa, 2009) Illegal immigrants need fluidness to live in the United States and credit cards provide the liquidity vehicle to cope with the American dream.A large number of illegal immigrants find jobs, even odd ones, to survive hence their capability to earn the means to live is strong and that their struggle to temporarily live even as an undocumented alien is considered a transition to eventually becoming a permanent resident, as an immigrant or even as a US citizen. The need hence, to establish a credible record is considered necessary to become an honorable citizen later. This sector is reasonably a good credit risk considering their ne ed to stay safe from the handgrip of the Immigration and Naturalization assistant by keeping payments updated.In general, this form of self-regulated discipline enhances the credit worthiness of illegal immigrants. On the other hand, even if person ultimately defaults and get caught by the INS, illegal immigrants are often forced to stay in the United States while his credit card case is pending. Thus, the chance that he is able to extricate himself from credit card liability might provide him time to await any form of amnesty to regularize his status. Thus, it is probably base on these market characteristics that Bank of America took the risk of identifying this sector as a good credit risk.In fact, the Bank pilot-tested the credit card in selected areas and probably, the blowup binge to make it nationwide is a concrete indicator that it has become a reasonably good prospect for business. Business, especially banks has a way of get in despite the ethical, moral or legal issues . In uncertain times, generating revenues more than the need for ethical, moral or legal constraints is a more native philosophy of management. Here again, groupthink in the organization attempts to rationalize such policy.The Bank can anyway afford to employ or hire topnotch lawyers to debate any form of charge of illegal transaction with illegal immigrants. But is it really illegal to issue credit cards to illegal immigrants? If it is not, isnt it that what the law does not prohibit, it allows? Perhaps, the government will only be able to assert its role in the credit impasse if Bank of America seeks government interposition to collect from past due credit card users. Otherwise, credit card transactions are can be considered global instruments that know no political boundaries. Is it unethical to issue credit cards to illegal immigrants?Banks transact business on a global scale. If the illegal immigrant is issued a credit card in the United States, will it still be unethical or illegal or immoral in the event that if the person returns to his home country and uses his credit card therein? The global market has enabled banks and the credit card issuer to conduct businesses that transcends political boundaries. Thus, if Bank of America issues a credit card to a citizen of other country while he is in that country, then travels to the United States and overstays his visa, will it then be illegal, unethical or immoral to use the card?Is it not that the usurious and unfair practices of card issuer in charging usurious rates and the fine print trap, might be more of an unethical practice in the constancy than issuing the credit card per se? Will not Bank of America in fact be helping the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) with issuing a credit card which effectively gets information from the illegal immigrant making the latter more vulnerable to apprehension by the INS? ConclusionThe issue of credit cards being issued by Bank of America to illegal im migrants can be taken from the context of purely business purpose to generate revenues. However, the ethical dimension that can be extracted from the case is the absence of ethical ascendancy on the part of Bank of America to contribute to the strengthening of the good governance, transparency practices and exemplary conduct of legitimate processes in the way revenues are generated.In the same way that employers of illegal immigrants are made to answer for the question of hiring these undocumented hatful in compliance with Immigration Laws. Thus, what right will Bank of America invoke to protect itself in the event of payment default by the illegal immigrant if it seeks protection from the law which discourages such transactions in the first place? The Bank undeniably wants the best of both worlds in this case.In addition, the groupthink syndrome in Bank of America that led to the adoption of this marketing strategy is, as usual, laced with that groupthink rationality. This makes use of the we feeling, the illusion of morality, invulnerability with the moral, ethical and legal tone of such group rationalization and consensus leads to the excessive taking of risks without individual ethical responsibility. Hence, anyway one looks at the marketing strategy, the issue of ethics, morals and legalities can never be ignored. Has the Bank ran out of meaningful philosophy?Reference list Feller, B. & Aversa, J (2009), Obama pledges protections for credit-card users, the Associated Press retrieved April 10, 2009Website http//news. yahoo. com/s/ap/us_obama_credit_cards Jaksa, J. & Pritchard, M. (1994), Communication ethics Methods of Analysis. Western Michigan University, Belmont, CA Wadworth Publishing Company. Malkim , M. (2007) Bank of illegal aliens in America, retrieved April 19, 2009 website http//michellemalkin. com/2007/02/13/bank-of-illegal-aliens-in-america/

Faculty Competitiveness at a State University Essay

Not only that universities focus is onto students but also to to each one and every members of the state universities and from this, faculty members, staff and employees must be given due credit and importance for their worth helping each universities foster advanced quality education. PUP The University employs 1,483 full-time and part-time faculty members with a few of the full-time faculty holding administrative positions. There are 707 regular and chance(a) administrative employees who provide support services to the University population.The faculty spend two-thirds of their time in teaching and one-third in research and extension activities. Awards Received It was recognize as a Centre for the Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program, which allows the PUP to confer degrees on many professionals who have yet to obtain their baccalaureate degrees by and by enrolling in a non-traditional structure course of learning. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo proclaimed PUP as Philippine interior(a) Comprehensive University in 2004, during the universitys centennial.The PUP has obtained designation as a Centre for Development in the field of Information engineering from the Commission on Higher Education. Named as the Virtual Centre for Technology Innovation by the Department of Science and Technology. The university was deemed the First Cyber University IT Park in the Philippines by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority. Ave Perez Jacob Palanca Awardee, Writer Domingo De Guzman, Lecturer Palanca Awardee, Psychoanalyst UP Almost 26. 6 per cent of its faculty have doctorate degrees and 36. 2 per cent have masters degrees.The rest are working on their graduate studies. Awards Received Dr. Caesar Saloma, Dean of the College of Science, UP Diliman was awarded the ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award. The awarding took place during the 8th ASEAN Science and Technology Week held in Manila on July 7, 2008. The award is given every three years. Dr. Walden Bello, a professor of Sociology at UP Diliman, received the Outstanding Public Scholar Award for 2008 from the International policy-making Economy (IPE) Section of the International Studies Association (ISA).He is only the second person to receive the award, the first being Dr. Susan George of France in 2007. George wrote the book How the Other half Dies, which deals with global hunger. Bello received the award on borderland 28, 2008 during the ISAs 49th annual meeting in San Francisco, California. Wayne Dell Manuel, a software developer at the National Telehealth Centre of the University of the Philippines, bested more than 700 other international contestants to win the Google Map Maker Global Competition.The contest encourages Google Map exercisers from around the world to map universities, schools and hospitals to enable humanitarian organizations to navigate countries during times of crisis. ? Lourdes Cruz, a professor at the Marine Science Ins titute of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City is one of the recipients of the 2010 LOreal-UNESCO Awards in the Life Sciences, for discovering the use of snail toxins to study brain functions.She is one of five exceptional women scientists in the world to be awarded by the UNESCO on March 4, 2010, in Paris, France. Filipino environmental advocate and UP College of Law professorial lecturer, Antonio Oposa Jr. was among the recipients of the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for his path breaking crusade to engage Filipinos in acts of enlightened citizenship that maximize the business leader of law to protect and nurture the environment for themselves, their children, and generations still to come. Awarding ceremonies was held at the Cultural Center of the Philippines on Aug. 31, 2009. Prof. Matthew M. Santamaria of the UP Asian Center was among the eight professors and students who do up the Philippine delegation to the Shanghai Theatre Expo 2009. The delegatio n, headed by Prof. Ricardo Abad of Ateneo de Manila University and Nick Lizaso of UNESCO ITI-Philippines, represented the country in the scheduled Theme Workshops. bossy writer and UP professor Jose Butch Dalisay Jr. became the first Filipino to participate in the PENWorld Voices Festival of International Literature, a multitude of about 160 writers from more than 50 countries, held from April 27 to May 3, 2009. EARIST EARIST in its 10 colleges consists of 400 faculty members and staffs. 350,000 Alumni members are presently working in the unlike fields of discipline all over the world with special mention in the USA, Europe, Asian countries, and in the Philippines as Government Officials such as Secretary, proxy Secretary in the Philippine Cabinet, Senate, member of the Congress, etc.Recognition Baccalaureate College for Liberal Arts Comprehensive Teaching and Baccalaureate University Level II potash alum Capable HEIs Level III (Results of the CARNEGIE 2003 Classification Evalu ation on the Typology of Philippine Higher Education) Awarded Level II Status in the fourteen Degrees Programs (Accrediting business office of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines) Rated SUC Level II by CHED-DBM-PASUC Leveling EvaluationSOURCES http//www. pup. edu. ph/academic/colleges. asp UP employee wins Google map contest, Manila Standard Today, March 3, 2010. Science prof chosen for UNESCO award in the life sciences, Philippine Star, October 25, 2009. Environmentalist wins Ramon Magsaysay Award, Manila Standard Today, August 4, 2009. Manila Bulletin, June 5, 2009. First Filipino in PEN World Voices Festival in New York, Manila Bulletin, May 23, 2009.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

It was the morning of Aug 6 1945. It was a very beautiful rosy sky. You heard the birds chirping and yet it was so peaceful and calm. All of a sudden in that location was a thud. Then suddenly everything went quite and nonhing was left of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Then iii days later the same incident was repeated again where 70,000 and 40,000 peck instantly lost their lives. This was the United States number one step towards technology when the first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The impact of this bomb had kil take almost 70,000 desolate civilians instantly.Even though the US knew the devastating effects of their weapons, they chose to drop it anyway. Three days later another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. This had demolished ab away two square miles of the city and had taken some forty-thousand innocent lives. This was the end of the World War II. This all had started when President Harry Tru man wanted to test out the Manhattan project. The Manhattan Project was a codename for a project that that was being done in the World War II to create the first atomic bomb.The little male child the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima was made with uranium-235. The bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki was made with plutonium-239 and called the fat man. The choice of object was recommended by the Target Committee at Los Amos and was led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. He has recommended the Kyoto, Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Kokura as the targets. There were several requirements in choosing the location to drop the fat man and little boy. The blast had to create an effective rail at. The target was larger than three miles and was close to the urban area.And it was untouched from any attacks. Hiroshima was described as an important army depot and port of embarkation in the shopping mall of an urban industrial area. It is a good radar target and it is such a size that a large part of the city could be extensively damaged. There are adjace nt hills which are likely to produce a focusing effect which would considerably increase the blast damage. Due to rivers it is not a good incendiary target (Wikipedia). Hiroshima also had a major army base that had headquarters to the 5th and the 2nd army headquarters.Also, Hiroshima had mountains that surrounded it so the damage could be more effective. When the planes that carried the bombs to Hiroshima they were picked up by the Nipponese air raid and had send out an alarm. But when the Japanese saw that it was only three planes they had get up the alarm thinking that they might be just the regular visitors the US was sending oer. When the bomb was thrown the Tibbets recalled A bright light filled the plane. The first shockwave hit us. We were eleven and a half miles slant range from the atomic explosion but the whole airplane cracked and crinkled from the blast.We false back to look at Hiroshima. The city was hidden by that awful cloud mushrooming, terrible and incredibly tal l (WWII database). Many of those who had survived had it far worse than the ones that died instantly. They had been seriously and severely burned that they looked like living charcoal pieces. Many of the ones that survived all of this died of beam of light poisoning and some even had started to vomit their insides out and had died. Majority of the areas hospitals were in a part of Hiroshima that was destroyed and over 90 percent of the doctors were killed.People that escaped unbruised or hurt would suffered balding and nosebleeds, because days after the explosion the irradiation levels were dangerously high. And by the end of 1945 the Hiroshima victims had increased from 90,000 to 150,000. Majority of the people that were killed were Koreans. Because the communication process was delayed due to the devastation president Truman said If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air the likes of which has never been seen on this earth, he said, He lat er gave the enterprisingness to drop the second atomic weapon on Japan (WWII database).The Second bomb was intended for the city of Kokura. But due to the bad weather that was wretched in the schedule had moved up two days. The city of Nagasaki was a very important sea port in Southern Japan. The results of the Fat man was much greater than the one produced by little boy. Around 75,000 people were immediately killed. The day after the attack Japans emperor had over ruled the military leaders of Japan and had forced them to give into the surrender unconditionally (doe. gov). This had ended the World War II.Soon after the city was scratch line to be built again but the devastation area was preserved. Today both Hiroshima and Nagasaki are doing really well. They have a large automobile application that includes brands like mazda, and Mitsubishi. There still are people who suffer the effects of the radition but very few of them are left. The population went from null to almost 1 mil lion people in each city. In Nagasaki there are hotels on the mountainside with houses, and shops around the neighborhood. Some people had thought that because of the high radiation levels nothing would grow here for decades.But people were shocked when the plants started to grow from under the debris. People had built themselves temporary huts to avoid bad weather. But three months later aide had come from the the Statesn-Directed occupation government and the construction had began. Today the city of Nagasaki has a population of about 440,000 people. And Hiroshima today has a population of about 1. 12 million people. In todays world there major industry there is machinery, automotive which produced the Mazda car, and food processing. They have malls, and major department stores.Even though there were two big bombs dropped on the Japans two of the industrial cities, Japan had gone into a total economic and traditional decline. The Japans providence was devastated. America had to s tep in and to help the Japanese economy to get back up, so therefore most of the American values and traditions were incorporated into the Japanese culture. I think it was morally wrong for the Americans to use the atomic bombs and take so many of the innocent lives. After all as always America is the only one that wants to be in power and that was the result of that.

How does Hamlet deal with the revengers r&amp Essay

R regular(a)ge is defined as retaliation for an offence or injury critical point has dickens main reasons for needing punish, political and moral. Politic in ally he has to kill Claudius for the offence of denying Hamlet, the heir to the Danish kingdom, his usurped crown. He also has a moral reason, as the son of a dear father murdered(II. ii. 581) he has a duty to extract revenge for the injury and filially to protect his convey by ridding her of an incestuous and immoral espousals to a murderer. He has no doubt even to himself that he does have this duteous role to perform, I know my course (II. ii. 596).To seek this revenge he would have to kill Claudius and his mother, for they are both guilty of having impure souls. But one of the very first internal conflicts Hamlet has is when the Ghost tells him nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven (I. iv. 85). This leaves him in great turmoil, as he can justify to himself the killing of Claudius, p lainly not letting his mother sojourn. He is so overcome with a sense of purity and morality, especially with concern to women, it does not seem right to him that something so tainted should be allowed to exact on in the world.He wants his perfect revenge, one that would satisfy his meticulously accomplished conscience, but he can not carry it bulge break through, so kind of he declines it altogether, or at least puts it off in stages, until he can prove it to himself and can put it off no longer. He is go away to taint his own soul and so go to hell and enter a damnation possibly even worse than that in which the Ghost resides, which he tells Hamlet just to know about would, harrow up thy soul, freeze thy new-fashioned blood, make thy two eyes uniform stars start from their spheres, thy knotted and combini d locks to part, and each particular hair to stand on end like quills upon the fretful porpentine (I. iv. 16).Yet he is willing to suffer all this for the sake of revenge in killing Claudius, to avenge his father, so to save his mother, to leave her to heaven (I. v. 86), when even he is not allowed this blessing. What he is giving up to be the dutiful son and revenge his fathers murder in comparison to what Gertrude is giving up leaves his worse off than her, even though she has been an adulterous wife. Therefore her being allowed to live on in sin is as wrong not only on her part, but also on Hamlets for allowing it to be.Hamlet knows what he is sacrificing of himself, his immortal soul, if he is to take on the revengers ri le. It is a heavy burden to carry, and not one that he is willing to undertake lightly, so he wants to be absolutely true of Claudius guilt in the lead taking action. For as certain as he is of the course of action that must be taken, the truth of the Ghosts words must be ascertained, for when Hamlet converses with him he does not know for certain if it is a spirit of health or goblin damned, bring with thee airs from heaven o r blasts from hell, be thy intents wicked or charitable (I. iv. 40).So to affirm the facts for himself, Hamlet has the players perform the play and watches for Claudiuss reaction to his own murderous and incestuous actions being acted out before him. For Hamlet this is supposed to be a resolution, a confirmation of his suspicions before he can act, a catalyst to spur him on depending on the success of his experiment. Hamlet becomes angry and disgusted with himself he cant understand his own lack of warmheartedness, even after proving to himself that Claudius is guilty.He is very awake of himself not crying in the rehearsal of the play, when the players are moved to tears over the story of the rousid vengeance (II. ii. 486) of Pyrrhus, Priam and Hecuba. As soon as he is alone, he bursts out O, what a scallywag and peasant slave am I Is it not monstrous that this player here, But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, Could force his soul so to his own conceit That from her working a ll his visage waned, Tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect.And all for nothing He feels miserable at his deficit, he is forced to compare himself and he comes of he worse. What would he do had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have? Make mad the guilty and appal the free.He again feels this lack of justified fervour when young Fortinbras goes to battle to conflict and possibly to die for a land that is acknowledged to be not worth the sacrifice we go to gain a little patch of lay down that hath in it no profit but the name (IV. iv. 18). This is again someone showing emotion and action when there is not as much reason to do so as there is for Hamlet. When he is alone he sees what Fortinbras has done as being good and a rebuke of his own inaction, whereas before when talking to Fortinbras captain, he had been cynical as to the actions they were carrying out.He analyses himself as thinking as well as precisely on thevent A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom and ever three parts coward (IV. iv. 41). He sees his need to think things through before acting as a woeful weakness. Even he can see hat he is being weak minded and indecisive. But even when convinced he cant kill his uncle deliberately, in a rage he thinks he has killed him, but it was just Polonius. Having proved Claudius guilt, Hamlet now has to act, and yet does not act continuous away, but postpones it, indicating that there are also other deeper subconscious reasons that could affect him.The death of his father at the beginning of the play and the hasty incestuous marriage ceremony of his mother upset him greatly and have led to his obsessions with death, decay, sin the body and its parts and with women, purity and the defiling of them. We can see this from speeches such as, O that this too too sullied flesh would melt Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His cannon gainst self-slaughter. (I. ii. 129) Frailty, thy name is woman. (I. ii. 146) For if the su n breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion have you a daughter? (II. ii. 181) Or in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil in which Hamlet is clearly fixed on purity, women, death and suicide. Claudius being a murder and committing incest and yet still having the crown of Denmark and outwardly appearing to be just, honourable and a good leader (quote? ) could explain why Hamlet often confuses the order of society in his speeches. This can be seen when he calls himself a rogue and peasant slave (II. ii.547) when he clearly isnt, or when he calls himself unpregnant and likens himself to a whore in the same soliloquy, when he obviously is not.To Hamlet, Claudius is tainted and impure in mind and action, yet he is a good ruler of Denmark, a good king, and a good diplomat. He is efficient, confident, in control of affairs, in all way assured and poised. Hamlet identifies with Claudius in a way that restrains him from being able to kill him, hamlet has all the ability and the necessary desire, but Claudius has everything Hamlet wants, which leads to internal sub-conscious conflict on as well as his conscious conflicts.His mothers ability to alter the direction of her affection from one soulfulness to another so suddenly hurts Hamlet, as having to share her with his own father was difficult enough, but at least was understandable. He is now jealous that someone else holds such high regard in her affections but at the same time is disgusted with her for loving someone else. But as his jealousy is repressed, as he doesnt even admit to himself that he is jealous of his mothers lovers, all he feels is a deep sense of disgust towards Gertrude that helps him get by with his rejection.Hamlet could be suffering from the theory that Freud developed, the Oedipus theory. This states that as children, young boys feel great bitterness and resentment towards their fathers for making them share their mothers affecti ons and for having sexual relations with their mothers which the young boys also desire, and so they view their fathers as rivals that they would rather have out of the way. These thoughts are repressed as a form of defence for fear that their fathers will realise what they are thinking. To compensate for this they resolve the complex by over identifying with their fathers and adopting many of their fathers attitudes.This could be used to explain Hamlets impediment and self-frustration towards his revenge. He tries to carry out the task, but he is held back in some way, because he cannot kill a person who he recognises as so like himself in what he wants to be like and wishes he could do. His desires towards his mother have been so long repressed that they are now repulsive to him, but yet her remarrying brings those thoughts to his attention. He sees someone taking the place of his father in her affections, the place that he has long coveted.The nature of this usurper, a relative, makes the link between the two even more incestuous in Hamlets mind and even more connected towards him. This, coupled with the fact that Claudius is able to gain his mothers affection by killing old Hamlet, ridding him, once again something that Hamlet has long wanted to do but repressed from himself, hinders Hamlet greatly from carrying out his revenge. When Hamlet discovers the identity of his fathers murderer his first instant reply is O my prophetic soul My uncle? (I. v. 40). This does imply that unconsciously the idea had been in his mind and had suddenly been brought back to his awareness.

Ways to get kicked out of your House

The Reserve Bank of India had prompted the rupees largest single-day rally since January 998 on 30th august by saying it would forget dollars directly to state oil companies to pay for imports, but the recovery proved short-lived. Economists have long argued that India needs to implement structural economic reforms to bring about(predicate) meaningful progress. Last year, parliament lifted restrictions on foreign direct investment after much debate As a Citizen As a citizen of India what I feel is middle class may not have lost faith yet in the economy.On the macro level there tycoon be changes but as a common man or at the Cicero level I dont see any great change nevertheless for the hike in prices. Due to the falling rupee the Marls seem to have great opportunity to reap benefits from the Indian markets. Even the exporters will be benefited payable to the fall in rupee. I definitely feel that this falling and depreciating economy is due to the coming elections. Even the financ ial conditions ar easing are the interest rates are coming down.By Fleshes shanghai 5 ways to get kicked out of your House By Afghanistans . Spoil your sisters wedding by swaggering and throwing shoes and splitting on the guests. 5. Start roaming naked in your house. Economic situation. And what I feel is that it will be facing it for few more months. The Indian rupee has lost roughly 12% of its value during the past month. The major reason behind this can be because the country in importing more goods than it is. Micro level I dont see any great change except for the hike in prices. Due to the By Peevish shanghai

Ideological Film Analysis Essay

Social inequality and inequity are rampant cases that can be depicted on the status quo. These comeually act as perpetrators of intractable crimes in our kindly milieu. These are indeed the catalyze for the spread pf communicable disease in the society-disparity. And even in the venture of love, these have been proven to be the barrier that creates a greater disparity among the social statuses of our society.From the film entitled Wedding Crashers, the above-mentioned scenario was clearly exemplified. Having the fact that the ii guys, who act as the wedding crashers, are commoners and the family of the girls they are eying for belong to the alta sociedad, the difference between the two becomes visible. When the two wedding crashers clashed with the daughter of a family under the good turn of political realm, the two different worlds coincide portraying the different scenarios that truly happen in the society.The story is basically about a pair of friends who locomote in a law f irm and were involved in various cases regarding divorce. This experience made them realize what wedding can only bring to them and doing sober about it is not their plan. Thus, the hobby of being wedding crashers become the outcome of their daily experience and seducing bridesmaids turn out to be a norm in their life.Until one day the partners in crime( Jeremy Klein and John Beckwith) bumped into the reality that not all of what they are doing will just lead them to a laugh-out-loud experience and endless calendar method of birth control of seducing women. The comical life they always anticipate turns out to be a big chaos that both of them do not know how to give dissolver into it. Never did they imagine that a wrong party they will crush into will come along their way and make them decide to stop at last what they have planned and done habitually.The dilemma comes in when they crashed into the wedding party of the daughter of the Nations Secretary of Treasury and finally fell in love with two of its sisters, Gloria ad Claire Cleary- a primary rule they should never break but inevitably did.Belonging to the different faces of the society with different order status, political ideology, sociological background an d points of view they are believing into, the the partners in crime necessitate to decide whether or not they should still fight back for the what they think is right or for what everyone else dictates them to be right.Taking into consideration their routinary life of cashing into the the wedding, seducing and flirting with whoever girls will be attracted to their machismo, now being crucially involved in a family dominated by political realm, the best of friends have to made a choice whether to turn their back to what their past life brings them and finally squelch a new life tat is absolutely different from the one they get used to because of love. But little did they know that the past they are arduous to escape from will be the hindrance that will jeopardize their way towards pursuing their love.The film conveys the social milieu we are into the art of seduction, the different social strata, the effectual influence of family upbringing and orientation, the dilemma between sincerity, mere attraction and plain sex, and the ambiguous disparity among working classes under the influence of politics.The film whitethorn portray a comical scenario that we do encounter in our daily life. But that is only on the footling part. What we do not see is the reasonableness of the issues behind all of the laughters and funny scenes. What we do not pay attention with is actually what we need to analyze in the movie. And what we do not hear after the jokes being cracked and humorous lined being delivered is the true orientation of the disparity in the society.Appearance must not be regarded as the furbish up reality. Not all we perceive as humorous in the superficial part will still be consistent with that of the details we have n ot encounter yet. True, the movie is funny To crash into a wedding just to seduce women might seem just like an ordinary scene in the society. But to crash into a wedding of a high-class family belonging to a famous political icon and fell in love inevitably to its daughter is another story.The disparity in the society surreptitiously reeks everywhere. And an effective panacea for this malady only lies in our intellectual judgment and doing away from the superficial depiction of the reality. And of course, not just mere perceiving that humorous thing cannot encounter a dilemma brought by the social inequity.

Ovarian Cysts During Pregnancy

ovarian Cyst during Pregnancy What be ovarian vesicles? Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled, sac-like structures within an ovary. The term cyst refers to a fluid-filled structure. Therefore, all ovarian cysts contain at least many fluid. What causes ovarian cysts? Ovarian cysts form for numerous reasons. The most common type is a follicular cyst, which results from the growth of a follicle. A follicle is the normal fluid-filled sac that contains an egg. Follicular cysts form when the follicle grows larger than normal during the catamenial cycle and does not open to release the egg.Usually, follicular cysts resolve on their own over the course of days to months. Cysts can contain prodigal (hemorrhagic or endometrioid cysts) from injury or leak term of tiny blood vessels into the egg sac. Occasionally, the interweaves of the ovary develop abnormally to form other body tissues such as hair or teeth. Cysts with these abnormal tissues are called dermoid cysts. What symptoms are caused by ovarian cysts? Most cysts are never noticed and resolve without women ever concreteizing that they are there. When a cyst causes symptoms, pain in the belly or pelvis is by far the most common one.The pain can be caused from rupture of the cyst, rapid growth and stretching, bleeding into the cyst, or twisting of the cyst or so its blood supply. How are ovarian cysts diagnosed? Most cysts are diagnosed by ultrasound, which is the best imaging technique for detecting ovarian cysts. Ultrasound is an imaging method that uses sound waves to aim an image of structures within the body. Ultrasound imaging is painless and causes no harm. Cysts can also be detected with other imaging methods, such as quat scan or MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging).How can the physician decide if an ovarian cyst is dangerous? If a woman is in her 40s, or younger, and has regular menstrual periods, most ovarian masses are execution ovarian cysts, which are not really abnormal. They are related to the p rocess of ovulation that happens with the menstrual cycle. They unremarkably disappear on their own during a future menstrual cycle. Therefore, especially in women in their 20s and 30s, these cysts are watched for a few menstrual cycles to maintain that they disappear.Because oral contraceptives work in part by preventing ovulation, physicians will not really expect women who are taking oral contraceptives to bear common functioning ovarian cysts. Thus, women who develop ovarian cysts while taking oral contraceptives may be advised against open observation rather, they may receive closer supervise with pelvic ultrasound or, less commonly, running(a) exploration of the ovary. Other factors are helpful in evaluating ovarian cysts (besides the womans age, or whether she is taking oral contraceptives).A cyst that looks like its that one simple sac of fluid on the ultrasound is more likely to be benign, than a cyst with solid tissue in it. So the ultrasound appearance also plays a role in determining the aim of suspicion regarding a serious ovarian growth. Ovarian cancer is rare in women younger than age 40. After age 40, an ovarian cyst has a higher chance of being cancerous than in the lead age 40, although most ovarian cysts are benign even after age 40. CA-125 blood testing can be used as a marker of ovarian cancer, but it does not always represent cancer when it is abnormal. First, many benign conditions in women of childbearing age can cause the CA-125 take aim to be elevated, so CA-125 is not a specific test, especially in younger women. Pelvic infections, uterine fibroids, pregnancy, benign (hemorrhagic) ovarian cysts, and liver disease are all conditions that may elevate CA-125 in the absence of ovarian cancer. Second, even if the woman has an ovarian cancer, not all ovarian cancers will cause the CA-125 level to be elevated. Furthermore, CA-125 levels can be abnormally high in women with breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. How are ovarian cyst s treated?Most ovarian cysts in women of childbearing age are follicular cysts (functional cysts) that disappear naturally in 1-3 months. Although they can rupture (usually without ill effects), they rarely cause symptoms. They are benign and have no real medical consequence. They may be diagnosed coincidentally during a pelvic examination in women who do not have any related symptoms. All women have follicular cysts at some point that generally go unnoticed. A follicular cyst in a woman of childbearing age is usually observed for a few menstrual cycles because the cysts are common, and ovarian cancer is rare in this age group.Sometimes ovarian cysts in menstruating women contain some blood, called hemorrhagic cysts, which frequently resolve quickly. Ultrasound is used to determine the treatment strategy for ovarian cysts because if can help to determine if the cyst is a simple cyst (just fluid with no solid tissue, forecastn in benign conditions) or compound cyst (with some solid tissue that requires closer monitoring and mayhap surgical resection). In summary, the ideal treatment of ovarian cysts depends on the womans age, the size (and change of size) of the cyst, and the cysts appearance on ultrasound.Treatment can consist of simple observation, or it can involve evaluating blood tests such as a CA-125 to help determine the potential for cancer (keeping in mind the many limitations of CA-125 testing describe above). The tumor can be removed either with laparoscopy, or if needed, an open laparotomy (using and incision at the bikini line) if it is causing severe pain, not resolving, or if it is untrusting in any way. Once the cyst is removed, the growth is sent to a pathologist who examines the tissue under a microscope to make the final diagnosis as to the type of cyst present. Ovarian Cysts At A GlanceOvarian cysts are fluid-filled, sac-like structures. Ovarian cysts form for numerous reasons. When a cyst causes symptoms, pain in the belly or pelvis is b y far the most common one. Most cysts are diagnosed by ultrasound. The treatment of ovarian cysts varies from observation and monitoring to surgical procedures. Case Study Ovarian Cyst during Pregnancy I am 35 and 13 weeks into my second pregnancy. Four weeks ago, I went to the hospital for pain in my lower right quadrant. A sonogram showed a cyst on my right ovary, about 15cm. The doctor has had me in bed since then, and I have had ii more sonograms.It hasnt gone fell. The doctors seem to think it is fluid-filled and not cancerous. Can cysts really go down on their own? How long should I wait to see if it will go down? Have you heard of any cysts this large during pregnancy, and do they pose a danger to the baby? Cysts (fluid-filled structures) can go down on their own, but it is unlikely a 15cm cyst in pregnancy will do so. Cysts are not that uncommon during pregnancy, affecting about 1 in 1,000 pregnant women. The vast majority of ovarian masses found during pregnancy are benig n the incidence of ovarian cancer is 1 in 25,000 births.Ultrasound can be helpful in determining if a mass is benign or malignant, but it cannot do so with 100 pct certainty. If ultrasound shows that the mass is strictly fluid-filled, without septation or thick walls, it is probably benign. The problem with large, even benign, cysts during pregnancy is that they may rupture or torse (twist on themselves). Either of these events leads to momentous pain for mom and the potential for miscarriage or preterm labor and vacatey for the baby. Large (more than 6-8cm) cysts are usually removed surgically if they do not minify in size spontaneously over the course of a few weeks.In pregnancy, the best time to operate is in the second trimester, ideally around 14-16 weeks. Occasionally, a cyst may be dealt with via laparoscopy, but very large cysts often require a large, open incision. A 15 cm cyst is rather big, and the potential for complications like rupture is high. If it has remained fo r more than two weeks, I suggest you talk to your doctor about your option. Your doctor may have been just watching you for now, until you get out of the first trimester (the first 13 weeks of pregnancy). I have removed several masses this size during pregnancy, and all of my patients went on to deliver normal, healthy babies.

History of Social Psychology Essay

As a scientific theme, accessible psychological science is only a bit older than whiz hundred years, with well-nigh of the growth occurring during the past five decades (McGarty & Haslam, 1997). By virtually standards, br other(a)ly psychology is a relatively young science.In discussing the disciplines history, it should be famed that there atomic number 18 two loving psychologies, cardinal in psychology and the other in sociology, with the bigger of the two universe the mental branch (Jones, 1998). The underlying focus of psychological kind psychology is how the undivided responds to brotherly stimuli, whereas sociological neighborly psychology focuses on larger group or societal variables, much(prenominal) as peoples socioeconomic status, their genial roles, and cultural norms (Stryker, 1997). Although there start out been calls to merge the two friendly psychologies into a single handle (Backman, 1983)-and even a joint psychology-sociology doctoral program at the University of Michigan from 1946 to 1967their polar orientations make it doubtful that this will transpire in the foreseeable future. In this historical everywhereview, the psychological branch of the discipline will be highlighted.Wundt and The Dawning of a Scientific Discipline 1862-1894German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1921), who is childlikely regarded as the founder of psychology, had a hand in the early development of what would become complaisant psychology. In 1862, Wundt proposed that there should be two branches of psychology physiological psychology and social or folk psychology (Vlkerpsychologie). Largely due to his influential writings, by 1900 Ger somes annual bibliography of the psychological literature listed over 200 articles per year under the heading social psychology. Despite his influence in shaping social psychology in Europe, Wundts ideas had little clashing on Ameri push aside social scientists because his writings were not translated int o English and his supposition of psychology as the science of the mind was incompatible with the hot behaviorist lieu in the United States that emerged during the early years of the 20th century.Underlying behaviorism was a philosophy know as logical positivism, which cont nullifyed that acquaintance should be expressed in terms that could be verified by trial and error or through direct observation. This new science of behavior had little use for Wundts conception of social psychology. This was especially true for the social psychology developing in psychology in America, save less so for sociological social psychology. Thus, psychological social psychology in America, which would become the keen core of the discipline, developed largely out of doors the realm of Wundtian influence.The Early Years 18951935An American psychologist at indium University, Norman Triplett, is generally credited with having conducted the foremost empirical social psychological study. In 1895 Tr iplett asked the following doubt How does a persons performance of a task change when other people are limn? The question was prompted by Triplett noticing that a bicycle backwashrs speed was faster when he was paced by other cyclists than when he raced alone. Being a racing enthusiast and desiring to learn what caused these different race times, he devised the first social scientific experiment.In this study, he asked children to quickly wind line on a fishing reel each alone or in the presence of other children playing the same task. As he had predicted, the children wound the line faster when in the presence of other children. published in 1897, this study is credited with introducing the experimental method into the social sciences. Despite the significance of this study, it took a wide of the mark generation for interrogationers to understand the social psychological dynamics underlying Tripletts findings (see the chapter 10 discussion of social facilitation). Desp ite this accomplishment, Triplett did nothing to establish social psychology as a distinct sub flying field of psychology.Credit for this doing goes to the first authors of textbooks bearing that title, namely, English psychologist William McDougall and American sociologist Edward Ross, who each published separate texts in 1908. Consistent with the present-day(a) linear perspective in psychological socialpsychology, McDougall considered the individual to be the principal unit of analysis in this new science, while Ross, true to the contemporary sociological social psychology perspective, highlighted groups.Despite the inauguration of this new subfield deep down psychology and sociology, social psychology quench lacked a distinct individuality. How was it different from the other subdisciplines within the two larger disciplines? What were its methods of inquiry? In 1924 a triplet social psychology text, published by Floyd Allport (older brother of Gordon Allport), went a long way in answering these questions for psychological social psychology. Reading his haggle today, you can see the emerging perspective that would one day permeate the psychological branch of the fieldI believe that only within the individual can we find the behavior mechanisms and consciousness which are fundamental in the interactions between individuals. There is no psychology of groups which is not essentially and inherently a psychology of individuals. psychological science in all its branches is a science of the individual. (Allport, 1924, p. 4)Allports conception of social psychology was proposed eleven years after conjuration Watson ushered in the behaviorist era in American psychology. Allports brand of social psychology emphasized how the person responds to stimuli in the social environment, with the group merely being one of m both much(prenominal) stimuli. Beyond this emerging individualist and behaviorist stamp, Allport come along shaped the identity of American socia l psychology by extolling the virtues of the experimental method in studying such topics as conformity, nonverbal colloquy, and social facilitation. The pursuit of social psychological knowledge through carefully controlled experimental procedures would change magnitudely characterize the field in the coming years.As Allports conception of social psychology gained American adherents, German social psychology was being shaped by the Gestalt perspective, which rejected both the existing European-inspired caprice of a group mind and the American individualist stand that groups were not real in themselves. Instead, Gestalt social psychologists contended that the social environmentis made up not only of individuals, but of relations between individuals, and these relationships cede significant psychological implications. Thus, Gestalt social psychologists promoted an understanding of groups as real social entities, which directly led to the usance of group processes and group dynam ics that still exists today. These two schools of thought within psychological social psychology, one in America and the other in Germany, which were developing independent of one another, would soon be coerce together due to events on the world scene.The Coming of Age 19361945During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Allports conception of social psychology emphasized basic inquiry, with little consideration given to addressing specific social problems or broader issues bearing on reform. However, by the mid-1930s, the discipline was poised for further growth and expansion. The events that had the greatest impact on social psychology at this critical juncture in its history were the Great born(p) depression in the United States and the social and governmental upheavals in Europe generated by the First and Second initiation Wars.Following the stock market crash of 1929, many young psychologists were unable to find or occupy jobs. Experiencing firsthand the impa ct of societal forces, many of them adopted the liberal ideals of the Roosevelt New Dealers or the more substructure left-wing political views of the socialist and communist parties. In 1936 these social scientists formed an organization dedicated to the scientific study of important social issues and the support for progressive social action (Stagner, 1986).This organization, known as the confederacy for the psychological Study of genial Issues (SPSSI), contained many social psychologists who were by-lineed in applying their newly developed theories and political activism to real-world problems. One of the important contributions of SPSSI to social psychology was, and march ons to be, the infusion of ethics and values into the discussion of social life. Its conterminous impact on social psychology in the 1930s was to infuse a more utilize character to question. New areas of research spawned during this decade were intergroup relations, leadership, propaganda, organizational behavior, voting behavior, and consumer behavior.In other countries, world events triggered changes that further distinguished American social psychology from its scientific cousins abroad. For example, the communist revolution in Russia at the end of the First World War led to a purging of individualist-oriented research and theorizing, a development that stood in stark contrast to the increase focus on the individual within American social psychology. In 1936, the Soviet Unions Communist Party forbids the use of psychological tests in various utilize settings, which effectively prohibited the study of individual differences. At the same time, the rise of fascism in Germany, Spain, and Italy created a whole anti-intellectual and anti-Semitic atmosphere in these countries.To escape this persecution, a number of Europes star social scientists, such as Fritz Heider, Gustav Ichheiser, Kurt Lewin, and Theodor Adorno, immigrated to America. When the United States entered the war, many social psychologistsboth American and European use their knowledge of human behavior in a wide variety of wartime programs, including the selection of officers for the Office of strategical Services (the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency) and the undermining of enemy morale (Hoffman, 1992). The constructive work resulting from this collaboration show the practical usefulness of social psychology.During this time of global strife, one of the most influential social psychologists was Kurt Lewin, a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany. Lewin was instrumental in founding SPSSI and served as its president in 1941. He intemperately believed that social psychology did not have to make a choice between being either a pure science or an applied science. His oft-repeated maxim, No research without action, and no action without research continues to influence social psychologists interested in applying their knowledge to current social problems (Ash, 1992). By the time of his remna nt in 1947 at the age of 57, Lewin had provided many of social psychologys defining characteristics (Lewin, 1936 Lewin et al., 1939).With the end of the war, prospects were adroit for social psychology inNorth America. Based on their heightened stature in the scientific community, social psychologists established new research facilities, secured government grants, and, most important, trained graduate students. These future social psychologists were predominantly white, male, and middle class. Many of their mentors were the European scholars who had fled their native countries and then(prenominal) remained in America following the war. Yet, while social psychology was flourishing in this country, the devastating effects of the world war virtually destroyed the discipline overseas. In this postwar period, the United States emerged as the unchallenged world power, and just as it exported its material goods to other countries, it exported its social psychology as well. This brand of social psychology reflected the political ideology of American order and the social problems encountered within its boundaries (Farr, 1996).Rapid Expansion 19461969With its infusion of European intellectuals and the latterly trained young American social psychologists, the maturing science of social psychology expanded its theoretical and research base. To understand how a civil society like Germany could fall under the influence of a ruthless demagogue like Adolf Hitler, Theodor Adorno and his colleagues (Adorno et al., 1950) study the psychological parameters of the authoritarian personality. Some years later, Stanley Milgram (1963) extended this line of research in his now notable obedience experiments, which examined the conditions that make people more likely to attend destructive authority figures. fond psychologists too focused their attention on the influence that the group had on the individual (Asch, 1956) and of the power of persuasive communication (Hovland et al ., 1949). Arguably the most significant line of research and theorizing during this period was Leon Festingers theory of cognitive fraudulent scheme (Festinger, 1957). This theory vagabonded that peoples thoughts and actions were motivated by a desire to maintain cognitive consistency. The simplicity of the theory and its practically surprising findings generated interest and enthusiasm both inside and outside of social psychology for many years. hearty psychologys concern with societal prejudice continued to assert itself during the 1950s. For example, the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision to end the practice of racially segregated education was partly ground on Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clarks research indicating that segregation negatively affected the self-concept of Black children. In that same year, Gordon Allport (brother of Floyd Allport) provided a theoretical outline for how desegregation might reduce racial prejudice. What came to be known as the partake hypothes is was a social psychological blueprint for reducing hostility between groups by manipulating situational variables. This perspective toward understanding and fixing prejudice better fit the behaviorist social psychology practiced in America than the earlier developed authoritarian personality approach.The decade of the 1960s was a time of fit in the United States, with the country caught in the grip of political assassinations, urban violence, social protests, and the Vietnam War. People were inquisitory for constructive slipway to change society for the better. Following this lead, social psychologists devoted more research time to such topics as aggression, helping, attraction, and love. The groundbreaking research of Elaine Hatfield and Ellen Berscheid (Berscheid & Hatfield, 1969 Hatfield et al., 1966) on interpersonal and romantic attraction, for example, was not only important in widening the scope of social psychological inquiry, but it also generated considerable controve rsy outside the field. A number of public officials and ordinary citizens thought social scientists should not try to understand the mysteries of romance. little controversial was the bystander intervention research conducted by Bibb Latan and John Darley (1968), which was inspired by the 1984 murder of Kitty Genovese in New York City.Despite the wariness of some, during the 1960s the federal government expanded its attempts to cure societal ills with the guidance of social scientists. Within this cultural context, the number of social psychologists rose dramatically. Among these new social scientists were an increasing number of women and, to a lesser degree, minority members. Whole new lines of inquiry into social behavior commenced, with an increasing interest inthe interaction of the social situation with personality factors. The multitude and diversity of these lines of research would continue into the following decades (Pion et al., 1996).Crisis and Reassesesment 19701984Whe n social psychology first emerged from World War II and embarked on its rapid expansion, one of the pioneers in the field, Theodore Newcomb (1951), expressed concern that expectations were greater than anything that could be delivered in the near future. By the 1970s, when solutions to societal problems were no closer to being solved, and as the usefulness and ethics of experimental research came under increased scrutiny, a crisis of confidence emerged (Elms, 1975). When this disappointment and criticism was followed by accusations from women and minorities that past research and theory reflected the biases of a white, male-dominated view of truthfulness, many began to reassess the fields basic premises.Fortunately, out of this crisis emerged a more vital and inclusive field of social psychology. More rigorous ethical standards were established, and although experiments remained the method of choice, researchers began conducting more correlational studies, as well as employing othe r methods. Regarding accusations of racial and gender bias, social psychology began moving toward more responsible positions, but such biases have yet to be eliminated from the discipline (Graham, 1992 Tesser & Bau, 2002). Another important development during this time period was the importation of ideas from cognitive psychology in explaining social behavior.This cognitive revolution (see p. 00) greatly enhanced theory and research in all areas of social psychology, and its impact persists today. Accompanying the social cognitive emphasis was renewed interest in the concept of the self, which antecedently had been the focus of only sociological social psychologists. However, with the waning influence of behaviorism, psychological social psychologists rediscovered the insights of founding social scientists such as William James, John Dewey, Charles Horton Cooley, and George Herbert Mead. Soon the self became a central concept within psychological social psychology.An Expanding Glob al and Interdisciplinary View of Social Psychology 1985presentBy the 1970s, both European and Latin American social psychological associations had been founded, and in 1995, the Asian standstill of Social Psychology was formed. The social psychology that developed overseas placed more emphasis on intergroup and societal variables in explaining social behavior than did its American cousin. In the mid-1980s, this overseas influence began to reshape the discipline, as social psychologists throughout the world actively exchanged ideas and collaborated on multinational studies (Fiske et al., 1998 Vala et al., 1996). Many of the new ideas around social behavior were generated by scholars from collectivist cultures who were embossed within societies that have a very different perspective on the relationship between the individual and the group than that within the societies of traditional social psychologists. concomitant cross-cultural research found that certain social beliefs and beh aviors that were previously considered universal were in actuality specific to the enculturation practices of individualist cultures. Based on these findings, considerable research attention was devoted to determining which aspects of human behavior are culture specificdue to conditions existing within a particular cultureand which ones are due to humans shared evolutionary heritage. Although social psychologys professional inwardness of gravity still resides in the United States, European and Third World social psychology offers the entire field opportunities to escape what some consider the limitations of this gravitational pull to perceive new worlds of social reality (Shinha, 2003 Tam et al., 2003). This multicultural perspective will continue to guide research in the coming years. contemporaneous social psychologists have also continued the bequest of Kurt Lewin and SPSSI by applying their knowledge to a wide bailiwick of everyday life, such as law, health, education, politic s, sports, and business (Ellsworth & Mauro, 1998 Kinder, 1998 Salovey et al., 1998). This interest in applying the principles and findings of social psychology is a natural outgrowth of the search for understanding.Despite the dominance of social cognition in the 1980s, some social psychologists raised concerns about the relative lack of focus on emotions and motives in explaining social thinking. These critics of existing social cognitive theories argued that to think of motives and affect as merely end products in a central processing body was to dehumanize social psychology. In the early 1990s, a number of social psychologists sought to establish a more balanced view by blending the traditional hot and cold perspectives into what some have termed the Warm Look. These revised social-cognitive theories proposed that people employ multiple cognitive strategies based on their current goals, motives, and needs. Theorists typically developed dual-process models, meaning that social th inking and behavior is determined by two different ways of understanding and responding to social stimuli.One mode of information processingrelated to the cold perspective legacyis based on effortful, reflective thinking, in which no action is taken until its potential consequences are properly weighed and evaluated. The alternative mode of processing informationrelated to the hot perspective legacyis based on minimal cognitive effort, in which behavior is impulsively and unintentionally activated by emotions, habits, or biological drives, often below the radar of consciousness. Which of the two avenues of information processing people take at any given time is the subject of ongoing research.This attention to both explicit and implicit cognition has recently prompted social psychologists to explore how neural activity in the brain is associated with various social psychological processes, including self-awareness, self-regulation, military strength formation and change, group int eraction, and prejudice. Although the numbers of social psychologists who pursue such research is still relatively small, the knowledge they acquire concerning the biology of social behavior will undoubtedly play a role in reshaping existing theories. Indeed, the U.S. federal governments National Institute of Mental Healthwhich has an annual work out of 1.3 billion dollarshas recently given priority to research grants that combine social psychology and neuroscience.In final this historical overview, if the life of a scientific discipline is analogous to a persons life, then contemporary social psychology is best thought of as a young adult in the social sciences. Compared with some of the more established sciences, social psychology is barely dry behind the ears and still subject to growing pains (Abrams & Hogg, 2004 Brewer, 2004 Rozin, 2001). Yet it is a discipline where new and innovative ideas are outstandingly welcome, where new theoretical approaches and scientific methods f rom other scientific disciplines are regularly incorporated into the study of social thinking and behavior, and where members of the discipline regularly question the social significance of their findings. In this ongoing critical self-assessment, most social psychologists are confident that their still-young science will continue revealing important insights into how we function as social creatures. Some of the milestones of the field are listed in table 1.Table 1Some Milestones in the Field of Social PsychologyThe Dawning of a New Discipline and Early Years1862 Wilhelm Wundt proposes that psychology establish human or social sciences (Geisteswissenschaften) to study the higher mental processes involving language, social practices and customs, religion, and art.1897 Norman Triplett publishes the first scientific study of social behavior, on a topic that was later called social facilitation.1900 Wundt publishes the first plenty of what would become a classic 10-volume set of Vlkerp sychologie (folk or social psychology) which analyzed a wide variety of social thought and behavior.1908 Psychologist William McDougall and sociologist Edward Ross separately publish social psychology textbooks.1920 Willy Hellpach founds the first Institute for Social Psychology inGermany. Hitlers rise to power leads to the institutes demise in 1933.1924 Floyd Allport publishes the third social psychology text, clearly identifying the focus for the psychological branch of the discipline and covering many topics that are still studied today.1925 Edward Bogardus develops the social distance scale to measure emplacements toward ethnic groups. Shortly, Louis Thurstone (1928) and Rensis Likert (1932) further advance attitude scale development.1934 George Herbert Meads book Mind, Self, and Society is published, stressing the interaction between the self and others.The Coming-of-Age Years1936 The Society for the psychological Study of Social Issues is founded. Muzafir Sherif publishes The Psychology of Social Norms, describing research on norm formation.1939 John Dollard and his colleagues introduce the frustration-aggression hypothesis.19411945 Social psychologists are recruited by the U.S. government for the war effort.Rapid Expansion Years1949 Carl Hovland and his colleagues publish their first experiments on attitude change and persuasion.1950 Theodor Adorno and his colleagues publish The Authoritarian Personality, which examines how extreme prejudice can be shaped by personality conflicts in childhood.1951 Solomon Asch demonstrates conformity to false majority judgments.1954 Gordon Allport publishes The Nature of Prejudice, which provides the framework for much of the future research on prejudice. Social psychologists provide key testimony in the U.S. Supreme Court desegregation case, cook v. Board of Education.1957 Leon Festinger publishes A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, emphasizing the need for consistency between cognition and behavior.1958 Fritz Heider p ublishes The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, laying the groundwork for attribution theory.1963 Stanley Milgram publishes his obedience research, demonstrating under what conditions people are likely to obey destructive authority figures.1965 The Society of Experimental Social Psychology is founded. Edward Jones and Kenneth Davis publish their ideas on social perception, stimulant attribution and social cognition research.Rapid Expansion Years1966 The European Association of Experimental Social Psychology is founded. Elaine (Walster) Hatfield and her colleagues publish the first studies of romantic attraction.1968 John Darley and Bibb Latan present the bystander intervention model, explaining why people often do not help in emergencies.Crisis and Reassessment Years1972 Attribution Perceiving the Causes of Behavior, written by sise influential attribution theorists, is published. Robert Wicklund and Shelley Duval publish Objective Self-Awareness Theory, describing how self-awa reness influences cognition and behavior.1974 The Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP) is founded. Sandra Bem develops the Bem call down Role Inventory and Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich develop the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, both of which measure gender roles.1981 Alice Eagly and her colleagues begin conducting meta-analyses of gender comparisons in social behavior, reopening the debate on gender differences.1984 Susan Fiske and Shelly Taylor publish Social Cognition, summarizing theory and research on the social cognitive perspective in social psychology.The Expanding Global and Interdisciplinary View Years1986 Richard Petty and John Cacioppo publish Communication and Persuasion Central and Peripheral Routes, describing a dual-process model of persuasion.1989 Jennifer Crocker and Brenda Major publish their Psychological Review article on Social Stigma and Self-Esteem, examining how people respond to being the targets of discrimination.1991 Hazel Markus and Shinobu Kitayama publish their Psychological Review article on how culture shapes the self.1995 Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson publish Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual running Performance of African Americans in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, presenting their research on how negative stereotypes can shape intellectual identity and performance.1996 David Buss and Neal Malamuth publish Sex, Power, Conflict, an edited text offering evolutionary and womens rightist perspectives on sex and gender interactions. A growing number of social psychologists attempt to integrate these previously divergent perspectives.(Because the passage of time ultimately determines what events significantly shape a field, I will calculate a few years before adding any more milestones to this list.)

How does U.A.Fanthorpe create different personalities within the poems ‘Not My Best side’ and ‘Old Man, Old Man’? Essay

non My outflank incline and disused Man, aged Man, both(prenominal) by U.A.Fanthorpe, shew different ad hominemities and throws within these throughout the poesys. Fanthorpe uses humour, different styles of language, imagery and stereotypes to put her point across. non My Best look is based on Uccellos painting from the Renaissance period, of St. George and the Dragon. Fanthorpe has in cosmosy ways reversed the personalities represent in the picture, and used modernistic stereotypes to show how hard it is to break out of stereotypes attaind by society. grey-headed Man, gray-haired(a) Man focuses more on agitate. It uses the stereotypes of an old va permit de chambre and a successful pipelineman. A narrator, who can be taken to be the old mans fille, tells the numbers Old Man, Old Man. The poem uses imagery and different poetic techniques to strengthen the imagery and personalities.One of the main techniques used in both poems is enjambment. In Not My Best S ide it involves the reader and encourages them to guess what is about to happen. Alternatively, in Old Man, Old Man it creates an element of confusion, giving the reader an in-sight into the old mans facial expressions.Now you ramble / In your talk around London districts, fretting / At how to abide by your way from Holborn to Soho.This highlights the confusion an old man is opinioning as he begins to jam things that were once well kn check got, and realises he is non as indep hold unrivallednt as he once was. The insignificant memory lapse with use of enjambment persuades the reader to stop and feel empathy for the old man, similarly enjambment emphasises the word fretting. Enjambment overly creates suspense in Not My Best Side, in the tartars case.I dont mind dying / Ritually, since I will always rise again,In Old Man, Old Man Fanthorpe uses the change of pronoun to show the law of proximity in the midst of the old man and the narrator. Fanthorpe talks in the first half of the poem about the old man when he was younger. It is much slight personal than in the second half, when he is an old man and their relationship has proceed much closer.He was always/ A man who did-it-himself.We can tell this is less personal because Fanthorpe has used the pronoun he whereas later in the poem, as the relationship is possibly closer, the narrator is talking directly to the old man and so uses you. He is used to distinguish between past and present. It shows how the experience daughter relationship has become closer in the mans old age because he actually needs his daughter. Fanthorpe proceeds to change the pronoun he to you. This shows how the old man has altered, as well as reflecting the change in the relationship with his daughter. He, beingness less personal, also hints at how the daughter cyphers of her produce as a young man and her father now he is old as 2 completely different people when in reality they ar the same. In Not My Best Side if the ch ange in the fathers personality was less important I expect Fanthorpe would shit used you were.When I left you tried non to cryHere the use of you shows up the new, personal relationship between father and daughter. The daughter is talking directly to her father about who he has become. In the present, where you is used, the father has become weaker and, even though he dis identicals admitting it, needs his daughters armed service.Fanthorpe also uses the descriptions of objects in Old Man, Old Man to hint at this new weakness. recalcitrant / Things in bottles, describes not single disorderly things in bottles, but could also address the possible disobedience of his daughters, the memory exhalation and ageing which he cannot control either.In Old Man, Old Man Fanthorpe used a compartmentalisation of colloquial and poetic language. The poetic language is mainly towards the end of the poem and involves the reader as he tries to comprehend it, as well as show the old mans confusio n as he comes to terms with his amnesia.So obdurate in your contracted worldshows how the old man is solace stubborn, selfish and too proud to be truly thankful for his daughters assistance. The more difficult poetic language conveys confusion, through the readers feelings towards the language, as well as the physical change in the old man. I am only a cloud suggests he is going blind, so that his daughter is a cloud in his vision.The form of the poems varies totally. Both are free verse, therefore having no specific metre. Not My Best Side particularly relies on the layout because of its significant three stanzas. There is no other way that this poem could be laid out without confusing the natures points of view, or making the meaning of the poem unclear. If the stanzas were all stuck together in one long verse, the characters cool it would not stand out and the appearance of the poem may be less appealing, sounding more like a long mass of words.Humour is used in Not My Best Side to make the poem more enjoyable while having a serious underlying point. The humour is successful because, although the poem is based on a medieval story, the language is very modern and gives the verses a comical twist. Fanthorpe refers to modern sidereal day issues, like acne, to give the poem humour,I mean, / What was he like underneath all the computer hardware? / He might have acne, black heads or even / Bad breath for all I could tell,I find the tone of this statement humorous because looks are a definite issue today, and a medieval maiden over thinking like that is it normal? The fact that looks, acne and corky breath are such big issues today, helps present the point that it is very difficult to break out of the stereotypes organise by society, as well as making the characters assurem real to the reader. These modern stereotypes allow the characters to break out of the stereotypes set by the painting and so, I think, Fanthorpe is trying to say that we should get to know the real person and not be judgmental and discriminatory.In the picture of St. George and the tophus there are three stereotypes the evil dragon, the baffled maiden and the gentle in shining armour. Fanthorpe has changed those in the picture to a new and modern, but as stereotypical set. However the characters remain in the same smirch the maiden is still the captive, the dragon is still the captor and the knight is saving the maiden. Therefore Fanthorpe has merely changed their personalities, not the situation.Why should my victim be so / unattractive as to be inedible,Shows how today the maiden is no longer considered beautiful, thus screening the change of perceptions, especially of the dragon.While changing the stereotypes set by the myth, the poem challenges them at the same time. In the poem the knight is vain and ladish, You cant / Do better than me at the moment and is not the knight in shining armour as represented in the picture. The dragon comes across very other than in the poem, he appears to be shy and self-conscious shown in the first line by Not my best side, Im afraid. The dragon is more of a victim than the maiden, being exploited by the knight (having killed him) and the operative (having cut impinge on twain of his legs). However he seems to sympathise with the artist as he refers to him as Poor chap perhaps because he also sees the artist as a victim overdue to his inability in painting. The dragon is actually a kind character and can not sympathise with the ostentatious people in society namely the knight,Why, I asked myself, should my conqueror / Be so ostentatiously beardless,I think the dragon is also jealous of the knight and would or else be popular without having to fulfil history. The dragon knows his destiny, death, and knows there is no escape, however it is made clear that he would rather die after a fight and by a more dangerous looking knight. The maiden is also definitely not a victim,Its hard for a girl to be sure if / She wants to be rescued.She is very forward and knows her own mind and we can see that she didnt unfeignedly want to be rescued. She states how she didnt much fancy him (the knight) and preferred to know what equipment she was getting at a glance. Through this Fanthorpe is contrasting modern society and the traditional mythical roles. However, even though the maiden is against being rescued, Fanthorpe shows how, even though women are more dominant and opinionated than in the past, there is a real conclusion women still go back to the safety of a husband,And a girls got to think of her future.This shows how, to some degree, women are still confined to their roles set by society.In comparison Old Man, Old Man uses stereotyping much less. It confronts two common stereotypes in men the powerful businessman, who does little for his family, and a oblivious old man, who is longing for the good old days but is too stubborn to ask for the help and love he wants from his d aughter who loves his helplessness.I love / Your helplessness you who hate being helpless.Shows how the old man finds it extremely difficult to come to terms with the changes he has gone through. He wishes he were still as independent as he once was and dislikes his dependence on his daughter. However he still appears to be stubborn and proud as suggested in the final stanza byLet me find your hammer. Let me / liberty chit with you o Drury Lane.It demonstrates how the daughter has to ask to be allowed to do anything to help him with let showing the pleading in order to be allowed to do so. The stereotypical businessman contrasts with the allusion to his organisation, which is perhaps lost by age,as you forget / If youve smoked your timetabled cigarette?The old man was once well organised (also shown by the labelling of bottles) but has become frail and forgetful not even remembering the simple things which once ruled his life. This transformation from businessman to old man explain s the alterations in the man due to ageing.The relationship between the two characters in Old Man, Old Man, the man (old and young) and the narrator, who we can assume to be his daughter as she knows his past with disown children and failures with daughters unusually well, develops during the poem. Fanthorpe shows his incompetence produced by old age in the second half of the poem. Let me find your hammer. sums up the relationship at the end of the poem between the father and daughter especially showing the old mans helplessness he can not even find his own hammer. At the start of the poem the old man, in his youth, is made out to have a bad relationship with his daughters, not good with daughters and to be very caught up in his business. I have a feeling that the daughter may have been one of his disinherited children or not far off from being so. I think she was very frightened of him when he was younger and is still desperate to be accepted and/or forgiven by her father, which is why the word let is repeated.Many of the characters in the two poems are similar. Comparisons can be made between the old man and the maiden and the knight due to situation and character (respectively). The knight and the old man in his youth relate to each other due to many similarities in character. I think it is hinted that the old man in his youth was self-centred, arrogant and powerful. The old man being described as Lord shows us his power and control.Lord once of shed, service department and garden,Lord suggests that he was in control and looked up to by his employees, and so forth which is similar to the knights character and situation. The knight is also respected by most people because of his profession and self-confidence (he does not care what other people think and in more ways than one). However with him boasting of his diplomas, etc. and wishes of becoming a hero, one could say that he is a typical lad,So why be difficult? / Dont you want to be killed and/or rescue d / in the most modern-day way?He thinks that people can not do better than he can at the moment therefore he gets to make decisions for other people which of course are favoured by him. Fanthorpe also uses his character to relate to the issue of sexism. He assumes that all women should stick to the roles set by mythology and tradition, and obviously doesnt look upon those who break out of line kindly (Sara Cox being a modern day ladette).The old man is also similar to the maiden because of their mutual dislike of being helped. They are both intensely headstrong characters and only consented to the aid offered under serious circumstances. The old man grudgingly allows his daughter to help him because he is old and helpless. Likewise the maiden only allows the knight to rescue her once The dragon got himself beaten by the boy and when she realised that a girls got to think of her future. In the end both are forced to give in to their designated social roles and stereotypes.From clos er examination we can see that the relationship of characters within the poems actually compare between the poems. In both poems we can see that one of the characters is competing against something in the poem and one comes out the victor. In Not My Best Side the knight is competing against the dragon to see who will die, and in Old Man, Old Man the daughter is competing with her fathers business for love and attention. In the end we see that the knight has won because he has killed the dragon and saved the maiden in Old Man, Old Man the daughter wins but by patience. As her father grows old, he needs his daughters help and can no longer run his own life, let alone a business, efficiently. The daughter has waited her whole life to be able to do something for her father and it is only in his old age she is allowed to do so.Within both poems there are many contrasts and comparisons between characters. I think Fanthorpe has managed to create the different characters extremely well thro ugh many different methods. She has unified poetic techniques to make characters and their feelings stand out, and language to show how personalities have developed. Humour is used to make Not My Best Side enjoyable whilst putting across a serious point of view, and imagery to lift Old Man, Old Man to life. As well as the different stereotypes employed, Fanthorpe has used the relationships between characters to create many strongly formed personalities within the poems.I think my favourite poem out of the two is Not My Best Side, purely because of the humour and the light-hearted way of conveying a serious point. I also feel I can identify better with it because it covers many common, modern day issues, which have affected me more than the effects of old age.I feel that Fanthorpe, in both poems, has made a lasting impression on the reader. The humour of Not My Best Side, has certainly moved me, and I adore the ingenuity of taking a picture and changing the personalities of the ch aracters. Fanthorpe adds depth to Old Man, Old Man by subtly suggesting the old mans confusion on a level below the general situations. In this way the poem conveys the difficult changes of ageing in a touching manner.