Ptlls 008 Roles, Responsibilities Essay

Important to define the terms prior to listing the entities which may impact on my work: Legislative requirement: A duty to act according to the law as defined in an Act of Parliament and usually enforceable through the courts. Code of Practice: A set of rules outlining how a person in a particular profession or situation is expected to behave. Statutory Code of Practice: A Code of Practice approved by Parliament and admissible as evidence in any legal action. The Children Act (2004) – Every Child Matters underpinned the Change For Children agenda. The Act came into being following the death of Victoria Climbie. The Act is applicable to children and vulnerable adults up to the age of 25. Focused on five specific outcomes for children: Be healthy Stay Safe Enjoy and Achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well-being Protection of Children Act (1991) – gave local authorities to investigates cases of child abuse. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006) – introduced a vetting and barring service for those working with children and vulnerable adults. Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks). Code of Professional Practice (2008) – introduced by the Lifelong Learning Sector. The code is based on 7 behaviours expected of teachers. Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988) – relates to copying and adapting materials. The Data Protection (1998) – relates to information held on people by others. Education and Skills Act (2008) – aimed at increasing participation in learning. The Equality Act (2010) – brought all the areas of discrimination: race, sex, disability, race into one Act. The 2010 Act identifies 9 areas of discrimination. Freedom Of Information Act (2000) – individuals can ask to see the information held on them Health and Safety At Work (1974) – imposes obligations on all to operate within a safe and healthy environment Human Rights Act (1998) – basic rights for all The Further Education Teacher’s Qualifications (England) Regulations (2007) – professional status for teachers in FE and a qualification route GRAVELLS, A. (2012) Preparing To Teach In The Lifelong Learning Sector 1. 2 Analyse own responsibilities for promoting equality and valuing diversity The definition of equality is to treat everybody equally, especially in terms of status, rights and opportunities. The 2010 Equality Act brought together a number of different pieces of legislation which means it is unlawful to discriminate against people on the grounds of pay, sex, race and disability. Diversity means being aware that every person is unique, not only because of their visible differences such as race, age or disability, but also non visible differences, religion, social background, economic status or political beliefs. Inclusion is about being objective and looking beyond first impressions. It’s about diversity and breaking down barriers, changing lives and promoting equality. Within my role it’s important for me to base my practice around the concepts of equality, diversity and inclusion and keep an open mind. Without an open mind I may not support all people equally to recognise their potential and achieve their aspirations. Discrimination could then be argued to have occurred as students would not have been treated equally.

Deutsche Brauerei Essay

Deutsche Brauerei was founded in 1737 and has been in the Schweitzer family for 12 generations. The company produces quality beer and has won awards over the years and is owned entirely by 16 uncles, aunts and cousins. In 1998, Deutsche Brauerei expanded into Ukraine. Despite the Russian debt crisis, the popularity of Deutsche’s beer increased its sales greatly and within three years of launch, Ukrainian consumers accounted for 28% of Deutsche’s sales. Furthermore, most of the unit growth in sales during that time period was also contributed by Ukraine. In an attempt to market the beer even more aggressively, Lukas hired Oleg Pinchuk, a marketing guy who understood the Ukrainian markets and had previous experience of marketing beer for a major Ukrainian beer producer. In the following report, we aim to evaluate the past and prospective financial performance of the company, dividend policy and to critique its liberal credit and inventory policies. An appropriate compensation scheme will also be recommended. Adoption of a Compensation Scheme for Oleg Pinchuk It is our belief that Oleg Pinchuk does deserve an increase in his compensation package to provide incentive for him to stay and provide future results. His strategies for setting up infrastructure in the Ukraine have been fundamental to the company’s sales growth. We are also concerned that some of his current policies may not be profitable and are taking on too much risk as the economy shows signs of a recession. Also, we highly recommend that the design of the compensation package be changed as it currently creates a large agency problem. In 1998, Deutsche Brauerei employed Oleg Pinchuk as the Company’s Sales and Marketing Manager. Previously Pinchuk has worked for a major beer producer in the Ukraine giving him invaluable insight into the industry and environment. The main goals he was placed with was to market Deutsche Brauerei’s beer more aggressively while taking advantage of the large opportunities existing in Central and Eastern Europe. â€Å"Our beer almost sells itself; discount pricing and heavy advertising are unwarranted. The challenge is getting people to try it and getting into a distribution pipeline. † Pinchuk quoted. Initially in 1998, Ukraine had no beer distributors, presenting a large problem – the company had no means of distributing the product amongst ustomers. Distributors in the Ukraine had no capital and could not receive financing from banks to set up their business because they had no collateral, low profits, negative cash flows and were seen as a high risk. They were also not able to bear the credit terms that were currently implemented on the German distributors . This is where Pinchuk’s strategies have been essential for our expansion into the Ukraine. Pinchuk, on a small budget, managed to organise five distributors and set up warehouse arrangements. He relaxed the credit policy for the Ukraine distributors from 2% 10, net 40 to 2% 10, net 80 – essentially financing their business and making it possible for them to set up and operate. Carrying a substantial part of the distributor’s inventory also took pressure and costs away from the distributors while making it possible to respond rapidly to changes in demand. These strategies have increased customers in the Ukraine from 0 to 211, with even more expected in 2001. For Oleg’s strategies to be implemented, the business has required large working capital investments. Particularly in accounts receivable where days in receivables is nearly 90 days. We believe that Pinchuk’s analysis of the return on investment has been overstated because he hasn’t taken into account the investments in inventory and capital expenditure that would also be needed. Exhibit 3 shows our adjusted analysis of the return that the business is receiving after taking into account changes in inventories and capital expenditure. We assumed that 85% of changes in inventory and 90% in capital expenditure were attributed to investment in the Ukraine. These assumptions are explained in the exhibit. Our results still produce a high return of 42% in the year 2000 which is much higher than the cost of financing long-term debt at 6. 5%. Notably, these investments are risky and the company needs to compare the return to their risk adjusted cost of capital for the Ukraine and not the cost of financing the debt to see if it is worthwhile. Exhibit 4 gives a good analysis of how these policies have affected the business’ performance and situation. Although sales growth has been consistently large, operating profit margin has decreased overall since his strategies were implemented. Return on equity and net assets have increased and in the year 2000 were 10. 3% and 8. 4% respectively. This is a good result for the business and shows efficient management of assets. It seems that Pinchuk’s strategies were possibly harmful to the business by decreasing the profit margin and taking on a lot of risk. It is our belief that the credit policy should not be relaxed and could even be tightened to less than 80 days. Unfortunately, reducing risk by tightening the policy would be accompanied by a decrease in sales. Although Pinchuk’s strategies have been potentially damaging, we do believe that he deserves an increase in his salary for expanding the company despite facing difficult conditions. His current compensation package is a base salary of EUR40,000 plus an incentive payment of 0. 5 % of sales growth. The current compensation package provides Pinchuk with an incentive to pursue projects that are risky to the company like extending large credit to distributors who are unable to pay it back. This would increase sales, thus increasing his salary, but would have a negative effect on both profits and the company. His incentive payment needs to be aimed more at collection and profits rather than sales growth. Our recommendation is to increase his base salary to EUR50,000 and have his incentive payment tied to annual profits (0. 6% of the annual increase in profits). However, in our recommended financial plan for 2001, there is a projected net profit of EUR 2,712,000. This is a decrease in profits from the previous year and would imply that Pinchuk would receive no incentive payment for 2001. Hopefully this would motivate him to increase the following year’s profits by revising his marketing and collection strategies. Analysis of Dividend Declaration Traditionally, DB pays out 75% from earnings as dividends each year to shareholders. At the moment, the company has a cash shortage as it is holding high levels of inventory and is extremely relaxed in credit terms for their Ukrainian distributors. Paying out dividends at 75% would mean increasing debt in order for the company to fund their proposed investment in a new plant. This would add strain on the already huge short-term debt that they have taken on. The possibility of a financial downturn in 2001 adds to the uncertainty of an increase in profits as projected in the financial plan. Guaranteeing that the company will pay out EUR698,000 in dividends might be too risky. Rather than rely on more bank borrowings, Deutsche Brauerei should retain more earnings to cover their bank borrowings and to also finance their future investments and projects. In addition, should there be a financial crisis, the retained earnings would help to cushion the impact from the crisis. As most of the shareholders are older members of the Schweitzer family, and are retirees who depend on the dividend payout, reducing the dividend payout might cause some upset. However, paying out a dividend percentage of 75% is causing more harm to the company. By reducing this percentage to 60%, the company is able to retain 40% of their net profits for reinvestment and financing future projects. These retained earnings would also help ease the problem of their current cash shortage. Dividend Payout| 50%| 60%| 75%| | 2001| 2002| 2001| 2002| 2001| 2002| Net Income| 2712| 3439| 2712| 3439| 2712| 3439| Dividends| 1356| 1720| 1627| 2063| 2034| 2579| | | | | | |   | Retention of Earnings| 1356| 1720| 1085| 1376| 678| 860| The table above shows the changes in retained earnings according to the changes in dividend percentages – the higher the dividend payout, the lower the retained earnings. It is recommended that, in the first quarter of 2001, the company should pay out the same amount of dividends which the shareholders received in 2000 (EUR 546, 500). It should be explained that if the forecast for 2001 is correct, and there is no financial crisis, the shareholders can expect a larger dividend payout in the next quarter. From our recommended financial plan (i. e. net profit is EUR 2,712,000), paying out dividends of 60% would mean that the shareholders can expect to receive a payout of EUR 406,800 in the second quarter. Analysis of Deutsche Brauerei’s 2001 Financial Budget One of the main concerns for Deutsche Brauerei’s financial budget for 2001 is its heavy reliance on short-term debt financing. This is mainly due to operating strategies, policies, large sales growth, dividends and capital expenditure being financed through working capital. These have all attributed in draining the company’s cash and causing the business to finance the investment through working capital using short-term borrowing. The overall reliance on debt financing has stayed around 42% (debt/total capital ratio, Exhibit 4). The main borrowing used by Deutsche Brauerei has been short-term debt, so the company has incurred a large cash drain. Short-term debt requires fast repayments to be made and normally charge a higher interest rate than what is charged on long-term debts. Short-term bank borrowings have increased dramatically from 1997 to 2000 and are projected to increase further in 2001 and 2002 (Exhibit 1). As for long-term debt, it has been steadily decreasing since 1997, further showing Deutsche Brauerei’s heavy reliance on short-term debt as their main source of financing. The 80-day credit policy given to Ukraine distributors has resulted in large increases in sales and accounts receivables. Exhibit 4 shows a large growth rate in sales and receivables mainly from the Ukraine. In 1998, accounts receivable in the Ukraine were EUR 424,000 and by 2000 have dramatically increased to EUR 6,168,000. In comparison with Germany, the Ukraine accounts receivable has grown at an extremely large rate. This is mainly due to the fact that most of the new Ukrainian sales are on credit. The credit policy gives distributors 80 days to pay, but in reality, in 1999 and 2000, the days in receivables was 85. and 87. 1 respectively. The fact that it is taking such long periods of time to receive cash from sales is forcing Deutsche Brauerei to finance working capital in other ways such as short-term borrowing. The company also holds a large amount of inventory for the Ukraine distributors. This requires extra investment in inventory and that this inventory is held for longer . This results in it taking even longer to receive cash from our investment, thus increasing the already stretched cash conversion cycle. Exhibit 1C shows that Deutsche Brauerei’s inventories have been steady right up until 1999 and have approximately doubled. The large dividend payout ratio has also resulted in the increased use of short term financing. Although the business has substantial profits to pay out these dividends, the cash is already tied up and these payouts have required more short term financing. The business’ 25% plough back ratio is not sufficient for reinvestment, requiring even more future borrowing to pay for capital expenditure. Capital expenditure of EUR 7 million has been forecasted for both 2001 and 2002, requiring even more short-term borrowing. To prevent large cash drainage in the upcoming years, Deutsche Brauerei needs to re-evaluate their debt financing choices. Long-term debt should be considered as an alternative to short term debt. Not only will this decrease the strain on the company’s cash, it will also allow for the investment in a new plant and equipment for 2001 because of the availability of funds. Long term debt can also be used in 2002 as a source of financing for the proposed new warehouse. Since the cost of the warehouse is considerably high (EUR 6. 8 million), it would be unwise to finance it using short term debt, thus, long term debt would be the appropriate choice. Proposed Amendments to 2001 Financial Budget: To produce more accurate predictions for the coming year, there are some amendments that need to be made to Pinchuk’s forecasts and assumptions. Firstly, in Pinchuk’s financial plan, sales growth in Germany and Ukraine were projected to be 3% and 45% respectively. Germany’s growth is believed to be a fair representation but the predicted sales growth for the Ukraine seems to be overestimated. New projects initially have large growths per year but they also decrease rapidly. In 1999, actual sales growth for the Ukraine was 312% but in 2001, Ukraine’s actual sales growth was 47%. Therefore, for the year 2001, it is believed that sales growth should decrease to a figure considerably less than 45%, for example, 30%. Also, the operating margins seem to be optimistically high at 7%. An average of the operating profit margin from the past 4 years is 6. 88%. This is possibly still too high in comparison to Germany and Ukraine’s operating margins of 6. 10% in 2000. Our recommendation is to use 6. 1% again for 2001 because you would not expect operating profit margin to increase if the predicted global recession occurs. We have also changed the dividend payout policy to a recommended 60% as explained earlier in the dividend declaration section. Increasing the credit policy in the Ukraine to 90 days could be seen as a very risky strategy to pursue especially with the current signs of a global financial crisis. Sales would increase in terms of accounts receivable but the company already stands to lose a lot of money if distributors start to default. A financial crisis would cripple the distributors in the Ukraine and they would be forced to default their accounts. It is suggested that the policy should be left at 80 days to prevent that potential loss. It is also suggested that allowance for doubtful debts should be increased from 2% to 6% to account for the potential recession. As mentioned earlier, it would be wise to tighten the policy rather than let it increase to 90 days in 2001. A sensitivity analysis on allowance and net profit was undertaken in Exhibit 2C, the purpose of this analysis is to determine how net profit would change given our assumption for the allowance of doubtful debt. Pinchuk assumed in his projections that the allowance percentage for the year 2001 is going to be 2%. However, it is believed that this is a considerably low percentage and should be increased to 6% to account for the potential recession as mentioned above. Our sensitivity analysis yielded the following results, in 2001 – if the allowance percentage is set at 2%, then net profit would be EUR 3,083,000. On the contrary, if the allowance is set at 6%, net profit will decrease to EUR 2,712,000. We believe that this decrease will account for the potential recession that may strike in 2001. The company is also advised to take on some long-term borrowing as well as reducing their investment in working capital. This will reduce the reliance on short-term borrowing. It is believed that the firm should get a long-term loan of EUR 14 million because under our assumptions, it would reduce short term borrowings to EUR880,000 which is significantly less than the firms forecasted cash of EUR12 million. This would get rid of the firm’s short-term borrowing reliance and greatly enhance the firms liquidity. Exhibit 2D shows a sensitivity analysis of the effect of changing the quantity of long-term debt and the effect dividend policy has on short-term borrowing required in 2001. Keeping the current dividend policy of 75% and under the assumption the firm borrowed EUR 14 million, short-term borrowing would be EUR 1,292,000. Reducing the payout to our recommended ratio of 60% would reduce short-term borrowing to EUR 881,000. Reducing the ratio to below 30% would eliminate the need for short-term borrowing in 2001. Though due to the large quantities of cash the firm has, eliminating short-term debt completely is redundant. Exhibit 1A shows our forecast of Deutsche Brauerei’s income and balance sheet for 2001. We believe that net income for 2001 will be just over EUR 2,712,000 which is about EUR 1 million less than Pinchuk’s forecast. We have incorporated all our suggestions of policy changes including a long-term loan which will help finance the planned capital expenditure for 2001 as well as fix the current cash problem. Recommendations for Deutsche Brauerei Firstly, in regards to a compensation scheme for Oleg Pinchuk, it is recommended that his base salary of EUR 40,000 to EUR 50,000. Also, instead of having his incentive payment be 0. % of sales growth, it is suggested that the incentive payment be 0. 6% of annual growth in profits. This implies that Pinchuk might need to reconsider his marketing and collection strategies. However, it is believed that this would give him the motivation to increase profits every year and this is beneficial to both him and the company. After our analysis on dividend payouts, it is recommended that the company reduce the dividend payout ratio from 75% to 60%. This would enable the company to retain more earnings for future investments and also to cover their short-term borrowings. This also improves their current cash shortage situation. Lastly, it is recommended that several changes be made to Pinchuk’s proposed financial budget for 2001. Instead of a predicted growth rate of 45% for sales in the Ukraine, it is recommended that a more conservative figure of 30% is used. Also, instead of using an operating margin of 7% for both Germany and Ukraine, an operating margin of 6. 10% should be adopted for 2001. In addition, instead of relaxing credit terms from 80 days to 90 days, the company should keep it at 80 days and aim to reduce that in the future. It is also advised that the company take on a long-term loan of EUR 14 million for the building of the warehouse. Lastly, it is recommended that the allowance for doubtful debts be increased from 2% to 6%. These proposed changes take into account the possible recession that may take place in the coming year. Overall, Deutsche Brauerei has been successful in its expansion into the Ukrainian market despite difficult conditions. With slight changes to their current strategies, the company has the potential to achieve even greater success.

Allegations Of Anti Competitive Behavior In Markets Economics Essay

Allegations Of Anti Competitive Behavior In Markets Economics Essay A market is a place  within  which suppliers and  demanders  of any product interact. This interaction determines what gets  caused  and  overwhelmed  via the  gesture  of the market price. All  business   organizations must have a  relevant  knowledge regarding the markets  within  which they operates. Before discussing the markets which are investigated by the various anti competitive authorities it is very important to discuss the markeet structure in which those markets falls. The fundamental thought of market structure is midpoint to both economics and marketing. Both disciplines are afraid with strategic decision making. In decision making examination, market design has a valued job through its consequences on the decision-making environment (Baumol, 1961; Yadav1995) Understanding the reasons and effects of focused industry framework remains to pose a formidable contest for industrial organizations markets in which firms can differentiate their commodities are notably complex, as each person firm’s commodity option affects it’s possesses profitability, and the extent of commodity differentiate impacts the intensity of competition for all market participation According to Moschandreas (2000) it is very difficult to define a market but  later  setting  perimeters  it is  straightforward  to define industry which includes all the firms operating in an  individual  market. In economics markets can be categorized according to the structure of the industry and industry structure is classified on the basis of market structure variables which determine the extent and characteristics of competition.  So different firms operate in different types of markets which is known as market structure. It includes various features like number of firms in the markets and types of product they are dealing with.The competitiveness of the market depends on the power of the individual firms to influence market price s. The long run profitability of firm is judged from their performance in their particular market. So we can say that market structure determines the behaviour of firms and which determines the performance of firms. According to Chrystal, K.A perfect competition ,monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Monopoly and perfect competition lie in the too extreme. In the monopoly industry contains only one firm, which can, therefore sets its price without concern about how competiting firms in the industry will react. Perfect competition is a market form where there are several firms competing within an industry. In this type of market structure, firms are price takers, free to enter the industry and produce identical products (Sloman & Sutcliffe, 2001). In the perfect competition market there are large numbers of buyers and sellers, selling homogeneous product, without having any market power means firms can’t influence the market price and output of product so the fir m in perfect competition is a price taker. There are no barriers regarding entry and exit of firms from perfect competition. The large number of firms and the homogeneity of product ensure that each product has a negligible effect on market price and output. Mobility of both sellers and buyers means that if a price difference were to open up it would be exploited immediately. Consequently the possibilities of difference prices prevailing in the same market can be ignored.( Chrystal, K.A & Lipsey, R.G 1997).

Southwest Airlines Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Southwest Airlines Study - Essay Example In as much as such strategies are helpful in terms of expanding the business and eliminating competitors to penetrate the market, companies are always faced with various challenges in implementing them. One such challenge includes that of bringing together the human resources from the two sides and ensure they cope well and harmoniously to work towards achieving the objectives of the newly formed company. Southwest Airlines recently, in 2011, acquired AirTran Airways and the new company now is faced with the challenge of making the new acquired employees get used to the new culture at Southwest Airlines (Gary, The Mission of Southwest Airlines, 2014). Southwest will also add thousands of employees from a number of airlines from a variety of locations. The main purpose of this paper is therefore, to analyze the challenges that the Southwest Airline is faced with while trying to acquire the new employees and make them adapt well to its existing culture and ways of doing work. It will, therefore, carry out a SWOT analysis of the company to use in providing recommendations to address the issue. Looking at their strengths, Southwest Airlines has flexible employment guidelines even though the guidelines are monitored by the workers union. The airline can negotiate flexible work hours by the union (Stewart, 2008). This enables workers to avail themselves to work at times that they are most comfortable with, and their overtime allowances paid. The airline also has a warm staff relationship as it looks responsibly after its staff. This makes the staff be motivated and go extra miles for the benefit of the company as they know the company also cares for them. Looking at the weaknesses of the airline, we find that; the airline is flexible even though unionized since they can still negotiate for flexible work hours. This can be a weakness to the airline as the union

The Abolitionist Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Abolitionist Movement - Essay Example With time however, the movement gained a great amount of importance all over the world as people began to realise the concept and value of human rights. Thus, gradually, the abolitionist movement came into power and slavery was abolished almost in all parts of the world. In the 17th century, it was under the patronage of Quaker and other evangelical persons, slavery was deemed to be un-Christian and thus religious people began to stay away from it. In the 18th century, philosophical and rationalist thinkers criticized slavery for violating human rights as they began to understand the concept of the provision of free and fair living for each man for himself. No man could be bought and sold by people and treated like dirt because every man had a right to live as he pleased, earn for himself and be entitled to food, shelter and clothing. However, despite such a revelation, slavery still prevailed in most parts of West Indies, South America as well as the United States of America. In the year 1772, the English Court under the benefaction of Lord Mansfield, held that slavery was unsupported by the law in England and Wales in respect to Somersett’s Case. ... (Mowat, Robert Balmain) In Pennsylvania, an act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery was passed in 1780 following which both Britain and the US banned the importation of African slaves with respective Slavery Abolition Acts. Soon slaves began to gain freedom in parts of West Indies and South America as well. In the modern day and age, child and adult slavery is illegal and against international law as well. However, in many remote areas, slavery is still practised and under the purview of feudalism in Russian countries, serfs still exist. In parts of India, forced labour is still being practised too. (MacEwen, Martin) Scotland has witnessed some of the most challenging cases for the purpose of bringing about a legalization in the act of practising slavery, for example in the cases of Montgomery v. Sheddan (1756) and Spens v. Dalrympls (1769). In the year 1787 the North faced a vast amount of changes as a Committee for the Abolition of Slave Trade was formulated by William Wilberforce and this helped to campaign against slavery in the British Empire, against the Slave Trade Act of 1807. Wilberforce put in a great amount of effort into bringing about the anti slavery movement and fortunately, he was alive to see the inception of the Slavery Abolition Act which came into existence in 1833. Even though slavery had almost disappeared from the scene in the 17th and 18th centuries, a number of African and East Indian servants were imported and brought into Britain to work in the domestic environments of people. These people were different from slaves as they were not bought or sold from each other and they achieved an ascribed legal status within society after Somersett’s case came

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

No topic - Essay Example I like shopping for new and unique things that will draw the attention of others. On the other hand, as an experience, I’m self-motivated sometimes as I do not rest until I achieve my goals. I’m of course young, enthusiastic and as much as I try to control it, I’m not able to strictly follow my shopping list, I like impulse buying. I actually like ‘’cool stuff,’’ therefore I must admit that I spend a good proportion of my income in acquiring such stuff. I actually like buying nice stuff that would make my house look appealing and fashionable, but very unique. I therefore like buying just stuff for interior dà ©cor like nice paintings, mats, coffee tables and designer chairs. I also like buying fashionable outfits that make me look enthusiastic and seek peoples’ opinion about myself. I also like shopping for readily prepared foodstuff from the supermarket such as spring rolls, sausages, and such

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint - Apple Assignment

Greenhouse Business Challenge and Carbon Footprint - Apple - Assignment Example bon emission and 98% of the emission comes from the manufacture and usage of its products, and its operational response to the reduction of carbon footprint is through the design of its products (Grady, 2009). The company develops lighter, smaller and thinner products which are environment friendly. Imbimbo (2009) asserts that the new generation Ipad, is 33% smaller and 15% lighter compared to the old generation Ipad (p.16). This has resulted to a reduction of 5% carbon footprint from the company. From this policy of developing thinner and lighter products, the company has achieved success in reduction of carbon footprints in the manufacture, transportation and use of its products (Imbimbo, 2009). The best practice in the development of thinner and lighter products is to integrate all processes in the manufacture and design of the product to the principles of environmental sustainability which are to maximize energy efficiency, reduce the use of hazardous materials and promote the recycling of obsolete waste (Davis and Holzman, 2012). Samsung has achieved success in reducing carbon footprint by following the best practices of product design and manufacture of eco-friendly machines. For example the company has produced F2 eco-green drive which has low power consumption and is free of hazardous substances. Problems that arise in the three responses of an organization are high operational and implementation costs of the initiative and psychological resistance to changes by employees of the organization (Carbon , 2007).The larger the organization, the tougher it is to enact change, and issues of environmental conservation are difficult to understand by employees of the organization. In cost, especially during economic times, it’s difficult for organization to set aside funds in meeting their environmental obligations. The main problem in enacting environment friendly policies in an organization is psychological resistance from the employees. It is important for

Principles of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Principles of Management - Essay Example ASDA's values are to keep daily prices low, for which it also has a label for itself which is ASDA Smart Price. They boast that all the products under the ASDA Smart Price are the cheapest price available anywhere. Environment consists of the surroundings within which every organization operates. The world is going through tremendous changes, such changes whose impact is very far-reaching and powerful. And thus, organizations cannot operate in isolation. The environment has made them interdependent with other factors and dependent on other units within the environment. (Rayner, 2005) The external environment is that environment which is outside the boundaries of the organization. But nevertheless, it affects the organization through its activities and happenings. The external environment can be further sub divides into the general environment and the task environment. The general environment is that part which affects the organization indirectly. Whereas, the task environment is that part which affects the organizations workings and productivity in a direct way. The general environment has various dimensions, like that of international, technological, socio-cultural, economic, and legal-political. Various changes in these dimensions are highly likely to affect how the company operates. (Buchanan, 2007) When it comes to recession, a lot of changes have resulted in the above mentioned dimensions. In the international dimension, the financial crisis has hit the whole globe, thus leading to a shortage of funds all around the world. The technological dimension has not been affected much since it has become more of a necessity than a luxury and thus cutting down on technology has not been made much due to recession. The socio-cultural dimension has altered since people are now cutting down on luxury items, holiday trips and other extravaganzas of life that they used to enjoy. Simple living is the talk of the day. The economic dimension is in a very messy position since the financial crisis has strained the economies of almost every country in the world, especially the big giants. And lastly, the legal-political dimension has changed so as to inculcate the financial crisis. Tax laws have changed; labor unions are concerned about getting laid off. Thus, recession has affected almost every dimension of the general environment. (Watson, 2005) The task environment consists of the groups of people with whom the organization is interacting on a regular basis. This includes the customers, the competitors, the suppliers, as well as the labor market. A common mistake is to assume that the labor market is equivalent to the employees who are working at the organization. This is not so. The labor market consists of those people whom the organization can hire, they are the potential employees. Recession has also affected these groups of people. The customers are now choosier about what to buy and want the greatest value for their money. Employees have a fear of getting laid off by the company. And suppliers now have less bargaining power as compared to their clients since clients are cutting down on production

Rhetorical analysis essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorical analysis essay - Assignment Example These three stories are about â€Å"connecting the dots†, â€Å"love and lost† and â€Å"death†. Steve Jobs establishes his credibility, influence, and sometimes combines multiple rhetorical strategies to affect his audience to accept these enlightenments of life. To entirely understand goal of Steve Jobs in creating his argument on speech, the anticipated audience, apparent purpose and context ought to be initially analyzed. This presentation is at Stanford University as commencement. The audiences include top brains from the finest universities in the world. Steve Jobs advices and enlightens the graduates who are about to face life. In context, being an achiever, he imperceptibly uses his own life stories to convince his audience because the stories are reality. Steve Jobs’ humble beginning and the fact that he never graduated indicates that he has a lower starting point than these graduates thus confirming the reality of his stories. Steve Jobs presents his opinion and history as evidence that creates rhetorical backing in ethos. Steve Jobs, just like any other prominent speaker uses emotional anecdotes to represent their own personality and history. He begins his life story with his unwed graduate mother who puts him up for adoption and other clearly disadvantaged background as a poor child (Jobs Web). Steve Jobs, just like any other prominent speaker uses emotional anecdotes to represent their own personality and history. Presentation of his past connects well with his audience because they are able to relate his past and success. Job creates an environment that enables the audience understand that despite harsh historical encounters, it is still possible to excel. He also explains about a company he started that later grew into a big company and this reminds the grads that even them they can start off things humbly and be successful. Steve Jobs success in

Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Germany - Essay Example There is plenty of historical evidence that points to why the United States entered the war. The Germans sank the Lusitania in 1915, which was enough to get the United States angry at them. Even though they promised to stop using submarines, they did not, and more American lives were lost. Though Mr. Freedman was right when he said that the United States entered the war on the side of England to help our allies and friends, the reasons are completely wrong. We did not enter the war because Jews of both countries got together, had a party, and said, â€Å"Let’s enter the war today; we have nothing else to do!† And the idea of entering a war to give a piece of land to another religion or party of people is just that: an idea. America had strong reasons to enter the war, from the fact that the Germans once again began their submarine use to the fact that Germany, if England was overrun, could just as easily begin doing the same to America. As for the Jews uniting to stop b uying German goods, they were right to do what they needed to do to get the message across to Hitler. It was not, as Mr. Freedman suggests, because the Jews caused their own problems.

Social Networking on Relationships Essay Example for Free

Social Networking on Relationships Essay Social networking sites have a negative influence on children, teenagers and adults. â€Å"A social networking site can be defined as an online service that is based around the building and reflecting of social relations among individuals with common interests or social ties,† . Social networking sites such as Facebook, Skype, and Twitter all vary slightly. They can enable users to create a profile and them to interact through email, IM and other integrated communication channels within the site. The popularity and growth of social networking sites over the past five years has been enormous. Today, there are more than 1 billion active users on face book and users spend over 700 billion minutes per month on this social networking site. As the technology improves and advances, social networking sites have biggest impact on society and human relationships, both positive and negative. I’m going discuss the three main reasons why social networking sites bring many negative impacts pose on today’s media. One main reason social networking has an negative effect is because it ends relationships. One thing is for sure these sites are the breaking point of relationships in conversations amongst our friends and peers. Recent studies have shown that the use of social networks is a contributing factor to break ups of relationships and marriages. Studies show that the significant amount of time spent on these social networks engaged in contact with members of the opposite sex tends to create jealousy and a lack of trust which can lead to the relationship ending. â€Å"The internet makes it much easier to start a relationship, get caught and make a relationship come to an end. From what could be deemed inappropriate comments or postings, to friends of the opposite sex that stirs up feelings of jealousy and mistrust. Also, inboxes being â€Å"overly flirtatious†, lying and cheating. The second reason that social networking is bad for society is that it makes people lazy and overweight. About two decades ago, when people were bored, they would go outside and do something. Nowadays, many people just go on their phones and â€Å"tweet† about how bored they are or scroll through a friends new pictures and click the â€Å"like† button a few times. Sure, social networking might give you something â€Å"to do,† but really, you aren’t doing anything! People sit at computers and eat their self away. Children today don’t know how to communicate face to face with people. They would rather text or IM their friends than even think about having a verbal conversation with them. Children are going to school accessing the network over their phones instead of doing their work. For example, in my home town, a student saw that another student posted a status threatening to bomb the school. Everyone had to evacuate immediately. Another reason to be aware of is the illegal actions that can be performed, such as piracy, fraud, virtual shoplifting, cyber bullying, cyber stalking, sexual harassment, fake identities, or worse death. Can you imagine all of the kids approving a bunch of random people, they do not know being able to come in contact with them? Social Networks create an open access towards exposing individuals’ personal information. â€Å"This includes full name, date of birth, addresses, phone numbers, precise locations, emails, and more. † Exposed private information of adolescents causes them to be at risk with dangerous situations previous listed. Individuals attacked are highly exposed to having psychological problems, becoming afraid of outcomes, becoming depressed and using suicide as a method to stop attacks. Social networks have changed people by allowing them to befriend and contact more people more frequently and more efficiently. Unfortunately, they have also limited some face-to-face conversations with family and friends. Although social networking sites are efficient in providing ways to communicate, we need to limit our use of social networking sites in order to become stronger as individuals and to strengthen our relationships.

Everyday Healthcare Ethics Stress and Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Everyday Healthcare Ethics Stress and Ethical Issues in Nursing Essay The nursing is a fundamental sector in the provision of proper healthcare services to the individuals and the society as a whole. The importance of the sector is emphasized as it has a bearing on the health status of the economy. The state of health of the people forming part of the society today is of the essence. Improper health of individual workers affects the output of the workers negatively as they cannot effectively attend to their obligations at work. It results into a nation-wide loss of revenue. A healthy economy thrives in all the sectors as the workers are in a position to effectively deliver in their workplaces. A healthy economy earns good revenues. The inclusion of the issue of economic issues of the nation in the topic of health is of great magnitude. It shows the weight that the issue of healthcare has on the economic progress of the contemporary economy. The topic of nursing is one that cannot be avoided if the fate of the economy is to be established. The health sector in the contemporary society faces several ethical issues in the nursing sector (Baillie, 2013). A major aspect of the ethical issues that are subject to heated debates is the stress factor at the workplace. Critics postulate that the sector contains a large group of nurses who are burdened by stress. It is dreaded that the continuous contact of the nurses with stressful conditions can negatively impact on their delivery in the job set-up (Baillie, 2013). The extent to which stress affects service delivery in the health sector has not been established, and it attracts substantial attention in research. The stress that the paper capitalizes on is the stress that a nurse worker is exposed to in and off the workplace. It is noted that stress can lead to the sprouting of other ethical challenges (Baillie, 2013). The paper capitalizes on the various ethical challenges exhibited in the nursing profession. It discusses the possible effects of the ethical challenges, causation factors and their relation to stress as a major ethical issue in the provision of  healthcare services. The recommends the latest remedies that can be employed to minimize stress. Forms of ethical challenges and causes of stress in the nursing industry Nurses encounter challenges and dilemmas in circumstances that they cannot get the opportunity to undertake what they think is right (Luhanga et al., 2010). Such circumstances require steady thinking and making of substantial resolutions that can work. The urge of the nurses to be good professionals intensifies the need to meditate on a given situation clouded by dilemma. The circumstances that present the nurse with a tough question to answer often trigger the development of stress within the worker. The stress is experienced at the very stage of making a decision on a given critical issue and also after the decision is made in response to the tough situation. The nurses, therefore, experience a great extent of moral distress. The event of the experience triggers varied reactions in different nurses. Some of the nurses have the courage to speak out their minds while some lack such courage and they go around hiding their problems. Burden of Witnessing an Ailing Patient The forms of ethical challenges such as stress could be drawn based on the causation factor. There is a burden of witnessing the ailing of the patients in their hospital beds. There are many patients who suffer for a longtime in the hospitals and their conditions keep worsening to the point of death. Such scenarios affect the nurses who provide healthcare services if they are constantly exposed to the similar circumstances. The work of a nurse is to relieve the suffering of the patient. The complex intervention that are resorted to, often lead to more suffering of the patients. The nurses are, therefore, torn between effecting the remedy and letting the patient remain in the state of mild suffering. The thought of being unable to contain the situation when there is an available option that can be exploited poses a great challenge to the nurses. The mental burden of bearing the suffering in their minds for such long durations may affect their service delivery if a remedy is not effect ed swiftly (Luhanga et al., 2010) Ignorance of the Family Members of the Patient The ethical challenges obviously had to do with watching the patients suffer: a suffering that the nurses deem to be unnecessary. It is understandable that the available nursing interventions that may be effected may serve to increase the suffering of the patient without causing an outcome for improvement. The other form of challenge that nurses experience could be the stress caused by the ignorance of the family of the patient and the patients about the available treatment options that can be exploited in a given scenario. They do not know the clinical prognosis of the treatment option that is available and the family of the patient do not stop at establishing whether the voice of the patient is taken care of in most situations (Tully, 2014). The family members of the patient often press on the administration of treatments without the knowledge of the resulting repercussions of the said treatment to the patient. They also criticize and influence the decision that is made by the patient on the appropriate treatment to be administered. The indulgence of the external parties in matters of the patient’s medication or treatment stresses-up nurses and other medics too (Tully, 2014). The stress often comes up when they are forced to administer treatments based on past successful occasion on a patient with a different diagnosis. The problem also comes in after the controversial treatment is effected, and the effects appear to be detrimental to the patient. The latter scenarios are often characterized by fierce criticism of the nurse who participated in administering the treatment. The professionalism of the participating nurse is usually questioned and in some cases the nurse can even end up in a court of law. Such cases are major instances that causes mental stress and shapes the origins or forms in which the said ethical challenges arise in the course of provision of healthcare services. Co nflict of Interest Offering care to the patients presents another form through which stress emerges in the nursing profession. It is the kind of ethical challenge that emanates from a conflict between the interest of the organisation and interest of the individual nurses (Tully, 2014). The health providers including private clinics, public hospitals and other health institutions have their rules that they often regard as ethical. The health providers often strive to push for actions that serve their best interests in the  industry of health service. The most prominent organisation that have strict rules are the private entities. The issue of conflict here is usually the payment modalities. It is known that the economic capabilities of patients differ and the methods of making medical payments cannot be the same for all the patients. The rules of the medical institutions provide that payments should be made promptly to the institution for any service that is provided to the patient. Some patients ofte n have no ready cash owing to their economic circumstances and the high cost of medical healthcare. Organisation often insists that payments are to be made immediately before the commencement of treatment even in conditions where the patient is in critical conditions (Ulrich, 2010). The nurses are the intermediaries between the management and the patients. Therefore, they are the people entitled to further or to carry out the interest of the organisation. They often face the challenge of serving the organisation or providing services to the patient to save a life. The challenge exists in trying to strike a balance between being loyal to the employer and saving the life of an innocent patient in a critical condition. Seeing an innocent and helpless patient die in the event of serving the interest of the employer could be so stressful in real life. As much as money is needed to take care of the medical expenses of the medical provider, the interest of the patient of lower economic status must also be regarded to ensure that the nurses do not suffer from the challenge of divided interest (Ulrich, 2010). The work environment The contemporary society presents various complications in the field Medicare. The complications are witnessed in the structure of the organisation and in the communication channels that are used in the medical institution (Seedhouse, 2013). The structure of the leadership in a medical institution and the mode of communication can serve to frustrate the nurses in the workplace. Several nurses report difficulties in communication and instances of workplace bullying. The elements mentioned are part of serious work environment ethical concerns in the contemporary society. The present hierarchy of work structure in the management is designed in a manner that does not encourage communication among workers. Most organisation exhibit tall leadership structures. Tall leadership structures contribute to the  discouraging of vertical communication among the workers in a medical institution. The junior employees are placed in a circumstance where they can hardly initiate or communicate to the senior employees about any ethical issue that may arise. Nurses are the employees who are ranked at the lower topology of the leadership organogram just after the subordinate staff. Their placement does not allow them effectively to pass ethical issue to their bosses (Seedhouse, 2013). Stress comes in when the ethical issues such as gender violence at work, bullying at the workplace or any other related mistreatment issues cannot be passed to higher authorities for deliberation. The condition presents a scenario where several issue build-up beyond the control of the employee. The build-up of issues in the minds of the nurses causes them to be stressed up in their workplaces, and this has a negative influence on the quality of the services delivered. Understaffing The other issue causing stress is the issue of staffing. The society today is characterized by increased levels of ailments and various diseases that come up every day. The presence of chronic diseases, as well as, the occurrence of several accidents presents a scenario where the number of the patients in the health facilities increase tremendously. The increase in the number of patients causes the necessity for an increase in the numbers of nurses who can promptly attend to the patients. Despite the large increase, the nurse to patient ratio has not been any better (Maynard, 2011). The nurses are therefore overloaded with work in their work environments. Their bosses exert much pressure on them to deliver as per the job description that they signed. The process of striking a balance in attending to many patients is quite stressful and can cause them to deliver poor services to the patients. The nurses are, therefore, forced to dodge certain duties that are assigned to them in genuine terms. Some of the nurses suffer emotional disturbance in instances where they genuinely neglect a duty due to the fact that they were held up in delivering services to the other patients. Understaffing, therefore, causes stress to the nurses through the creating of a hectic working environment that is over-demanding to the nurses (Maynard, 2011). Prioritization of the Patients’ Needs The patients in the health care institutions do not only have health  problems, but they also have emotional disorders. The emotional needs of the patients also deserve to be addressed promptly as they also affect the healing process of the patients. The nurses are individuals specialized in the provision of Medicare services to the patients. They are not adequately trained to address the emotional needs of the patients. At times, situations that demand the addressing of an emotional condition of the patient arises and this calls for the attention of the nurses. Being that the nurses are not well trained in the field and that they have other health duties to attend to, they are often faced with the challenge of taking up the duty to provide emotional support to the respective patient (Mark, 2012). If they decide to avoid attending to the emotional duty, they may feel that they are not doing any good to the patients who do not receive optimal healthcare. They also feel that the family of the patient may give a negative feedback on their performances in the occasion that they did not get full support. Their attention is divided in prioritizing the nature of the duty to indulge in when such cases arise. The event can cause emotional distress and mental stress to the nurses, hence leading to the causation of other opportunistic ethical nursing problems. Advanced Technology in Healthcare Provision Technology used in the delivery of healthcare services are becoming more complicated with time. Almost all the tasks in the health institution are performed with the aid of a machine (Maynard, 2011). The nurses are, therefore, placed in a condition where they have no other easy alternative, but to learn how to use the technology. The patients under treatment at times could be more knowledgeable on the respective technologies that the nurse. The resulting situation can possible cause a challenge to the nurse as he will not be comfortable in the process of using the technology on such a patient. The nurses are, therefore, entitled to keep updating themselves on the new technology that is used in the field of healthcare provision. The process of maintaining a regular update on the use of the current technology could cause much stress to the nurses (Ulrich et al., 2010). Nurses are stressed when they cannot balance between learning new tricks at work and providing healthcare services eff ectively. Recommendation for Reduction of Stress The elements that cause stress to the nurses in the health organisations deserve to be addressed promptly. It is because stress as an ethical issue causes impacts that stretch to very many fields and varied stakeholders at play. Stress affects the delivery of the nurses in the health sector. The section provides remedies that should be considered in ensuring that the aspects that cause stress in the workplace are negated. The recommendation will also guide in the proper management of the stress whenever it is contracted by the nurses. The recommendations below are specifically tailored for containing the stress condition for the nurses. Research shows that a scheduled course of guided coaching in mindfulness deliberation or mediation practices, facilitated group discussion, yoga and stretching, home assignments and work, and individually tailored support and instruction can serve to minimize the effects of stress in a nurse (Ulrich et al., 2010). The remedy is justified from a demonstration in a research work that was carried out. The overall health and well-being of the nurses who participated in the demonstration was surveyed at three points namely 2 weeks prior to research, immediately after the program, and four months following the program. Results displayed statistical improvement in the wellness and overall health of the nurses at each point of intervention (Clark, 2010). The program can be recommended for use by the nurses. Stress prevention can be initiated through the initiation of measures that prevent the occurrence of other ethical issues as stress is indirectly connected to them (Opie et al., 2013). Mo st of the ethical issues cause stress and, therefore, their prevention results into minimization of the occurrence of stress among medical nurses. The administration of the health institutions should look for ways that encourage the realization of community obligation to the patient, with partnership in answering questions and conversing about ethical issues. It helps the families and the community at large to understand the circumstances under which the nurses undertake their obligation (Hussain, 2009). It will save the nurses from receiving intensive criticism when a given treatment responds negatively, hence the nurse concerned will be less stressed. The administration should ensure that the nurses are trained to provide emotional support to the patients who need such services to avoid the development of the feeling that shoddy work  has been done. Nurses should reflect on how they can manage to complete obligations. Nurses should call on their team members, for instance to help them balance between talking and tasks with a patient who is dismayed (Clark, 2010). As nurses develop and advance in experience, they become bett er. Relevant training must be done to the nurses on the usage of technology in the delivery of health services to clients so as to avoid embarrassing situations. The nurses can advocates for the availability of adequate staffing that is suitable for the patient population (Clark, 2010). They should also know how to resolve issues when there is inadequate staffing Conclusion The development in the contemporary society presents complications in various sectors. Health sector is not an exception. Many ethical issues that cause stress are seen to arise in the healthcare sector. The ethical issue arises from the unfavorable work environments of the workers, poor leadership structures, and lack of effective communication among workers, understaffing, and ignorance of the community among others. The effective implementation of the recommendation will serve to restore sanity in nursing as they will aid in preventing ethical conditions that cause stress to the nurses. As a result, the provision of healthcare services by the nurses will be improved to adequate levels. References Baillie, H. W. (2013). Health care ethics (6th Ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall. Clark, A. C. (2010). Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit Anxiety and Stress Management Toolkit. Nursing Standard, 15(52), 29-29. Hussain, F. (2009). Handbook for Health Care Ethics Committees (review). Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(3), 929-930. Luhanga, F., Myrick, F., Yonge, O. (2010). The Preceptorship Experience: An Examination of Ethical and Accountability Issues. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(5), 264-271. Mark, F. (2012). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Nursing. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 37(4), 179. Maynard, A. (2011). Ethics and health care underfunding. Journal of Medical Ethics, 27(4), 223-227. Opie, T., Dollard, M., Lenthall, S., Knight, S. (2013). Occupational Stress in Remote Area Nursing: Development of the Remote Area Nursing Stress Scale (RANSS). Journal of Nursing Measurement, 21(2), 246-263. Seedhouse, D. (2013). What is the difference between health care ethics, medical ethics and nursing ethics? Health Care Analysis, 5(4), 267-274. Tully, A. (2014). Stress, sources of stress and ways of coping among psychiatric nursing students. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 11(1), 43-47. Ulrich, C. M., Taylor, C., Soeken, K., O. Donnell, P., Farrar, A., Danis, M., et al. (2010). Everyday Ethics: Ethical Issues and Stress in Nursing Practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(11), 2510-2519.

Managing Diversity in Employement

Managing Diversity in Employement Managing Diversity in Employment Identification and Discussion about Segregation in  Labour Market with National and Governmental Perspective The purpose of this essay is going to identify and discuss the main things of segregation and discrimination in term on national and organizational issues in Singapore. Due to segregations in labour market, which are ethnic, age, sex or gender, disability, and sexual orientation, there are pros and cons for each of them. In the following paragraph, the writer is going to elaborate and discuss with further information. Labour market is a place that employers and employees interact with each other. Employers want to hire the best candidates, while the candidates are trying their best to suit the job requirements. Hence, labour demand is the employers in an organization and labour supply is the candidates who give their abilities to the company. (Times Internet Limited, 2014) Labours in the market are based on age, race, ethnicity, gender, disability, and sexuality. In the following paragraph, the writer will identify and discuss the national evidence that talk about statistics labour market in Singapore.  Ã‚   In the organization, there is no much segregation of ethnic group because there are several ethnic groups of people who work together, such as Indians, Chinese, Malays, and others. For example, Marriott Hotel and HSL in Singapore have put opportunities for people ethnics to works together. In order to maximize the potential of teams in term of managing workplace diversity, the companies’ believes an inclusive and harmonious workplace. They believe in selecting the right people and developing employees’ competencies to work in diverse environment, such as self-awareness, adaptability, and team work. For example, people interact with different profile so that assimilate them in an organization. Another event is annual workers dinner, the company mixes them up so that they do not seat with same nationalities. They can mingle, catch up, and have lots of fun. (Government of Singapore, 2014) Ethnicity is a tool of identity formation and imagination to involve in boundary-formation, conflict and racism. Hence, there occurs racism in Singapore. For instance, Singapore Malays are imagined to be incapable of or uninterested in entrepreneurial endeavours. In contrast, Singapore Chinese are seemed to be natural entrepreneurs to seek profit at every opportunity regardless of their ethnicity. Another example, in Chinese culture, ignores differences in sub-ethnic groups, social class, places of origin and so on. (Kopnina, 2004, p.249) Hence, Singapore government is supported the labour market, which contains people who are segregated by ethnic, age, sex or gender, and others. Even, the segregation in term of ethnic in a society occurs in order to respect people’s preferences. For example, most Indians are living at Little India and one of their authentic shops is Mustafa. However, it allows other ethnics to shop there as well. Stereotype is a highly potential influencing for discrimination. Thus, disparaging opinions, myths, and others overshadow the good qualities, characteristics, and abilities of older workers so that they tend to receive disadvantage in a workplace. However, the government set certain rules so that many companies have bolstered older workers’ willingness and abilities in an organization. For instance, in McDonalds, most of the morning shifts are older people because they will be more diligent and willing to wake up to work in the morning compared with the middle or young people. Hence, older people have opportunity to work in the morning and others in the afternoon and evening. On the other hand, the segregation can show some respects to the senior people. For example, people who work for long time in the company will be pay higher than junior level. In case of Singapore government, it has provided a chair for older people in accommodation. For instance, it provides special chairs for older people, disable, pregnant, and people with child in the mass rapid transit (MRT), bus, and other public transportations. Furthermore, the government has done certain policies in Singapore, such as government has reduced employers’ wage costs by lowering the Central Provident Fund (CPF) contribution for older workers, has encouraged employers to make a training lessons for workers above 40 years old with subsidized who earn less than $1,500 a month, and also has encouraged to retraining the mature workers through video-based training programmes and courses which provided by National Productivity Board (NPB). (Debrah, 1996, p.819) Stereotype occurs when individuals are not judged by their own unique characteristics or merit but on generalized characteristic based on group they belong to. People usually stereotype due to disadvantageous of women for selection, promotion decisions, and placement. Hence, there occur invisible barriers that prevent women in reaching the upper echelons of management. (Pichler, et at, 2008, p.466) However, the writer believe that the successful company is when it wants to respect each other regardless of their sex or gender and other disparities, instead consider on what advantages it will gain due to differences. For example, Mr. Antony Page as a General Manager at Marriott hotel in Singapore believes in diversity benefits. 60% of management teams are led by women. This leads the company to be successful and increase people awareness of its good brand names. Another example, Tet Wai Holdings Pte Ltd in Singapore, Maxine R. Hays as a President in that company said that Women must be trained for the technological revolution for they are not left behind and bring benefit for companies and their own selves as well as men. (The Singapore Business and Professional Womens Association, 1982) Moreover, segregation in term of sex or gender due to woman financial stability, like adequate health care and adequate Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings. Mostly, women have around 40 per cent lesser savings in their CPF accounts than men. (Wee and Hill, 2013) Though Convention to Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), which Singapore acceded to in 1995, it still on the progress to demolish the sex or gender discrimination because some organizations have not eliminated the discrimination fully. There are several companies that prefer in the equal opportunities for every employee regardless of their gender, race, age, ability and others. For example, Han’s FB that adopts tripartite fair employment practices in 2008. Han’s FB company profit has increased since it hires people with disabilities (PWDs) to the company. Its profit jumped to more than 200% than previous years. (Fook, 2011) Hence, this company is tolerated with disparities in employment, including disable workers. In term of disability, Government of Singapore has been very supportive because it launched the Open Door Fund in 2007 in order to provide financial support to redesign jobs, modify workplaces as well as train people with disabilities. For example, Government provides the Assistive Technology Fund to help disabled students and employees purchase the technology devices for the sake of their education and work purposes. (Human Capital Singapore, 2012) Sexual orientation in the workplace also does as the government stated in Singapore, it is trying to implement the non-discrimination climate against sexual orientation in an organization. The reasons for organization allows the sexual orientation workers because they might bring better performance, enhance career progression, creativity, and productivity. (Day Greene, 2008, pp.640-41) In term of sexual orientation, in 2007, Singapore government stated that gays and lesbians have no legal protection towards employment discrimination. However, the Prime Minister, Goh, has given proclamation a non-discrimination regulation in the civil service which could be a signal for a real improvement security of gays and lesbians. (Badgett Frank, 2007, p.170) Furthermore, in 2008, Singapore government provides an equal protection of the law, which is stated Article 12(1) of the Singapore constitution guarantees equal protection: All persons are equal before the law and entitled to the equal protection of the law should not be treated any differently. (Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports, 2008, p.27) Segregation in labour market is about putting people apart from another in term of age, gender, race, and ability of them so that a nation and an organization knows the benefits and disadvantages as well as treats them according to their needs. Hence, national and organizational policy might not only giving an equal opportunity, but also providing a diversity management regarding people’s segregation and segmentation. For knowing the segregation, the nation and organization does not always provide the helpful reaction for the people. However, they could bring a hampered effect for their actions. For example, the older people are being discriminated by an organization. Furthermore, diversity management is important for a company because it will bring several opportunities for the company. For instance, different ideas and perspective, productivity, increase good circumstances, self-improvement, flexibility, adaptable to change, and many others. Hence, it obtains a compatitive advantage due to implement the diversity management in an organization. (Barrak, 2014, p.231) In conclusion, the segregation inside the organization and government could be called as a main thing for Singapore to look at, especially sex or gender in organization because there have disparities or stereotype for women in doing certain job. In addition, the organization or even government might consider for managing diversity so that the gap between men and women is getting closer and instead taking some advantages from differences. In order to render a company to be successful, there are several ways to do, such as evaluating diversity and equality management with a proper evaluation and improving diversity program effectiveness. (Richard, et at, 2013, p.236) For example, in order to gain various ideas with creating a unique package, a design product company could recruit a diverse workforce to enter the company. References Badgett, M. V. L. and Frank, J. (2007): Sexual Orientation Discrimination: An International Perspective. 1st ed. New York and Canada: Taylor Francis Group. Barrak, M. E. M. (2014): Managing Diversity: Toward A Globally Inclusive Workplace. 3rd ed. United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc. Day, N. E. and Greene, P. G. (2008): A Case for Sexual Orientation Diversity Management in Small and Large Organizations. Human Resource Management, 47(3): 637-54. Debrah, Y. A. (1996): Tackling age discrimination in employment in Singapore. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(4): 813-31. Fook, H. C., 2011. Philosophy, Policy, Training, and Charity. [Online] Available at: http://www.hanis.sg/hans.html [Accessed 28 August 2014]. Government of Singapore, 2014. Fostering Inclusive and Harmonious Workplaces. [Online] Available at: http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment practices/Pages/WDM.aspx [Accessed 29 August 2014]. Human Capital Singapore, 2012. Hiring the Disabled Mere Words by Employers or Real Deeds?. [Online] Available at: http://hcs.com.sg/v2/index.php/info/view_news/hiring-the-disabled-mere-words-by employers-or-real-deeds- [Accessed 28 August 2014]. Kopnina, H., 2004. Cultural hybrids or ethnic fundamentalists? discourses on ethnicity in Singaporean SMEs. Asian Ethnicity, 5(2): 245-52. Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports, (2008): Singapores Fourth Periodic Report to The UN Committee for the Convention on the elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Singapore: Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd. Pichler, S., Simpson, P. A. and Stroh, L. K. (2008): The Glass Ceiling in Human Resources: Exploring the Link between Womens Representation in Management and the Practices of Strategic Human Resource Management and Employee Involvement. Human Resource Management, 47(3): 463-79. Richard, O. C., Roh, H. and Pieper, J. R. (2013): The Link between Diversity and Equality Management Practice Bundles and Racial Diversity in the Managerial Ranks: Does Firm Size Matter?. Human Resource Management, 52(2): 215-42. The Singapore Business and Professional Womens Association, 1982. The Employment of women in a restructuring society, Singapore: SBPWA. Times Internet Limited, 2014. Definition of Labour Market. [Online] Available at: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/labour-market [Accessed 21 August 2014]. Wee, V. and Hill, S. 2013. Gender dimension to inequality in Singapore. [Online] Available at: http://www.aware.org.sg/2013/10/gender-dimension-to-inequality-in-singapore/ [Accessed 29 August 2014].

The Hydrogen Secret :: Alternative Fuel Power Energy

The world is developing at a faster rate than ever before. As a result natural resources continue to be exhausted worldwide. Oil, once an abundant resource in the earth, is depleting at an ever growing rate. Oil costs continue to rise as the world depends on it more and more. Governments are investing billions of dollars every year into alternate energy research with hydrogen as the front runner. This is free money companies are receiving to research and develop hydrogen-powered vehicles. It's no wonder why people are lured into the hydrogen revolution. Each type of alternate energy comes with its own pros and cons. Like any product, the marketers will only mention the pros of the product they are selling and the cons of their competitors. In the end whoever has the most money, wins. Hydrogen powered vehicles have received the most attention in the last year. Unfortunately the hydrogen revolution isn't the savior that it's hyped up to be. The world cannot continue to rely on oil for its source of energy; an alternate form is needed but any more time or money invested into hydrogen as that alternate source may prove to be a big waste. In nature hydrogen is always found combined with other elements, which means it has to be manually made by passing an electric current through water to form hydrogen and oxygen. There is a tremendous amount of energy involved in splitting the molecules to free the hydrogen from its captor. The current method of producing hydrogen from water is through the use of oil and coal. Oil and coal are the two main resources the world is trying to cut back on. The main purpose of using hydrogen is lost when considering the actual manufacturing process of hydrogen contributes a significant amount of carbon dioxide. When the big coal and oil companies start investing their profits in hydrogen, something has gone awry. Each company sees its future limited and wants to ensure their survival. Since they have the most money they will be the main producer of hydrogen. The hydrogen economy will benefit the mining and oil industry at the cost of the clean-energy dream. Hydrogen will prove to be a difficult energy to sell in the short term. Even though vehicles are still in the development stages, the current hydrogen prototype costs are in the million dollar range. Hydrogen is the smallest element in the universe; to get enough useful energy to power the vehicle, hydrogen has to be compressed to an extremely high-pressure.

The 8220Second8221 World War :: Essays Papers

The 8220Second8221 World War In the book The Battle for History, John Keegan, talks of the many different views on World War II. He takes into account other historical works such as Robert M. Kennedy’s The German Campaign in Poland, Christopher Duffy’s Red Storm on the Reich, The Struggle for Europe by Chester Wilmot and many others. He has already analyzed these other works. He has summarized the authors’ major points and used them to support his own theory, although Keegan’s theory about the written history of the war is quite unclear. The only theory that I could derive, is that â€Å"[it] has not yet been written.† (30) What does he mean by this? The works cited in the back of the book number over one hundred fifty. Numerous references are made to the works of other authors. Keegan does not seem to tell anything from his perspective, but state what he has read. All good and well considering this is history, but are the past events so clearly set in stone? Keegan seems to bring up questions throughout the book such as: did Roosevelt know of the attack on Pearl Harbor before it happened? â€Å"There have also been explorations of the allegation that Roosevelt had foreknowledge but chose not to act on it, as a means of bringing the United States into the Second World War on the anti-Axis side.† (17) Keegan does not do much to answer these questions, simply brings them into the picture. The book gives no feel of ending or resolution to most of the questions he brings about. Maybe this was his purpose. Topics in the book up from one place to another. In one paragraph Keegan may be discussing the use of the Enigma, a commercial cipher machine; in the next Keegan might begin discussing the use of U-boats. Although there is some logical flow through the book, for the most part the subjects are jumpy, causing the work to be choppy and cluttered babbling. It seems like the author is trying to squeeze as much as he can into as few pages as possible. Keegan does, however, give a good overview of the major events and inside action that went on during this significant period in world history. He speaks of rebellions, strategic bombing, spies and other elements that played a part in the downfall of the Third Reich.

othello :: essays research papers

Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this speech, Othello lets his mind take over all his self control. A usual cool tempered person Othello is inflicted with rage about the possibility of his wife sleeping with his lieutenant, Cassio. Iago has the ability to cloud the head of Othello with lies about the Desdemona and Cassio causing suffering and tragedy. A tragedy is a serious action or event that always turns out the worst way possible. Iago has setup Othello just enough for Othello to create his own disaster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The literary devises that William Shakespeare uses in this play help us understand the many themes and symbols in the play. Alliteration is the repetition of the same starting letter to help the line have a smooth sound and good flow. In this play, it isn’t as used as much as some of the recent plays that we have read, but it can still be found. All the minor fights between Desdemona and Othello start a pattern that foreshadows the tragic ending of this story. â€Å"Tis destiny unshunnable, like death† (275). Foreshadowing are sometimes symbols or signs that usually predict events or overcomes in the story. The most prominent symbol is this play includes the image of the handkerchief. The handkerchief shows the love of Othello for Desdemona. Since she dropped and lost the handkerchief she no longer can understand the pain that Othello is enduring. The stress that Othello goes through because of the handkerchief tells of the faith and commitment of De sdemona. These literary devices help us interpret the play as it is meant to be understood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several lines in this speech suggest that Othello starts to blame himself. One in which is â€Å"Haply, for I am black/ And have not those soft parts of conversation/ That chamberers have, or for I am declined/ Into the vale of years† (263 – 266). He thinks because he is of a different color that his wife is no longer in love with him. This bring into the subject of interracial marriage. To this day many oppose the marriage of blacks and whites. Not knowing what to think at this point in the play, Othello conjure ups the idea that the being blacks has caused his wife, Desdemona, to cheat on him with a younger, fit soldier. Not knowing that this is false he asks his wife many times if this is true.

Brighton Rock and Sherlock Holmes: A Comparison Essay

In this assignment I will be looking at the differences in writing style between Graham Greene’s Brighton Rock and Arthur Conan-Doyle’s The Man With The Twisted Lip. The style of writing is the main difference that I see between the stories of Greene and Conan Doyle, and not in the plot; partly this is due to the half a century or so time difference between the pieces, Conan Doyle’s, I guess in around 1890 (due to the date given at the start of The Man With The Twisted Lip, â€Å"it was in June ’89†) and Greene’s written in 1938, although partly it is due to the different intentions of the authors. The works of Conan Doyle were mainly popular, short stories written for a Victorian middle-class monthly periodical, â€Å"The Strand† written between 1887 and 1927, although most were written by 1903. Because of this, the structures on all levels, from plot to sentence, are simple, chronological and in the first person. Examples of this are â€Å"Isa Whitney, brother of the late Elias Whitney, D. D. , Principal of the Theological College of St. George’s, was much addicted to opium. † This is a simple statement to open the story with. It introduces a character, actually two, gives a little background information and tells us the point of the sentence, and the story (or so the reader thinks) at the end of the sentence in â€Å"was much addicted to opium†. The plot generally gives no depth to the characters and is a one-track plot due to the story being written in the first person and following the activities of one man. All of this is in striking contrast to Brighton Rock. In the first part of the novel there are three chapters. Greene’s work is not in the first person but the third. This enables Greene to follow a multi-track plot, taking in the actions of three characters; chapter one begins with ‘Hale knew, before he had been in Brighton three hours, that they meant to murder him. ‘ This shows Hale as the focus of the first chapter. Chapter two begins with, ‘The boy paid his threepence and went through the turnstile. ‘ Focussing attention on to ‘the boy’ or Pinkie. And chapter three begins with, ‘Ida Arnold broke her way across the Strand’. Furthermore, where Conan Doyle is very sparing on his description, Greene lavishes in it: ‘trams rocking down to the aquarium, they surged like some natural and irrational migration of insects up and down the front. ‘ Whereas Conan Doyle, writing as Dr. Watson, keeps it to the respectability of the place and its genteelness, much more important to a middle class Victorian than a clever simile, for example, ‘Upper Swandam Lane is a vile alley†¦ ‘ the effect of this is to give the reader an impression of what the alley looks like in their minds, instead of the precise detail Greene employs, it is often cinematic. He did not have to produce a script for the film version, as Brighton Rock reads more like one. One would not expect to find an author looking to join the ranks of world literature simply writing ‘potboiler’ short stories for bourgeoisie light entertainment magazines. In contrast, Brighton Rock is much more complex. It is classed as a modern classic, and therefore does not follow the simple lines of popular, mass produced fiction. Instead, its chapters are presented as from each of the character’s points of view making the plot non-chronological, as some events happen simultaneously but at different pages of the book. For example, the death of Hale and Ida searching for him occur at the same time but at different stages of the book. This adds a more complex level to the narrative. Brighton Rock is written nominally in the third person, as it still only follows each character’s movements in turn but the Sherlock Holmes stories are always in the first person, as Dr. Watson, which gives the reader a definite sense of place in the story but has its limitations. For example, all events must take place while Dr. Watson is present, or they must be recounted to him by another character. In contrast, Greene can make the reader everywhere at once and it allows him to use the cinematic detail in his description that gives his locations the depth and quality that Conan Doyle’s does not due to his use of the first person. This is because if Conan Doyle were to use such complex description and metaphor in his description as Dr. Watson or in the speech of another character, it would make them sound like they had verbal diarrhoea. Greene’s talent, I feel, lies in his ability to use such gushing torrents of description and manage not to bore or alienate his reader, rather he involves them further in the scene. Conan Doyle, as I have said, achieves this in a different way, not through lengthening his description but by the simple act of using the first person to write his stories: he makes the reader Dr. Watson. Another dimension to the description in Brighton Rock is that Greene is biased against more or less everything. The squalor of the Steyne in, ‘The shabby secret behind the bright corsage, the deformed breast. ‘ Words such as ‘shabby’ and ‘deformed’ give the impression to the reader of poverty and mutation, the two going hand in hand. These are things, especially mutation, which society abhors. By using these adjectives, Greene tries to make the reader hate the place as well. Also, in that passage, ‘deformed breast’ is an interesting contrast of words. The breast is usually regarded as being an artistic, beautiful and motherly object of adoration, but by making it deformed, in the reader’s eye Greene is defiling a beautiful object, making the impact greater. In The Man With the Twisted Lip Conan Doyle, by contrast, uses only simple atmospheric description and practical description (the naming of routes street by street, obviously made using a map of London, an unusual feature). An example of this simple description is found at ‘I seated myself in his armchair and warmed my hands before his crackling fire, for a sharp frost had set in, and the windows were thick with ice crystals. ‘ In this quotation two things are explored: the fire and the window. The description is atmospheric because it uses the contrasting words ‘frost’ and ‘warmed’, one being cold, the other hot. The effect on the reader is that they immediately imagine the atmosphere of warmness inside but bitterly cold outside that we all know. The simple description has therefore set up an atmosphere; it is atmospheric. In The Man With The Twisted Lip Conan Doyle does use one unusual device to add depth to his writing: a ruse in the plot at the very beginning to throw the reader off what the true plot is. That ruse is the disappearance of Isa Whitney. Conan Doyle does this to open the story in a mundane way, but surprise the reader with the eventual outcome: the disappearance of Neville St. Clair. Or perhaps Conan Doyle just got sick of the Whitney plot half way through writing. Who knows!? Other than this Conan Doyle sticks to the usual crime story plot: the missing/dead person or thing, the impossible clue, the amazing detective and the twist in the solving of it all. Greene does the same in his plot structure, although with much more focus on the characters in turn, especially on mentality of the criminal Pinkie. Greene tries almost to explain why Pinkie is so evil with the recounting of his scarred childhood (the ‘weekly exercise’), resulting in his misogyny (? ), Catholic godfearing and sadism. Also, Ida Arnold is the ‘detective’ in Brighton Rock, although she is not intelligent or brilliant, just a whore sentimental to Hale’s memory as Greene portrays her. In fact, Greene grudgingly makes Ida the heroine and the force of good, even though the traditional good of Godliness is the real enemy in the book. Ida is a weird choice for a heroine. She personifies every human sin. She is a puritan’s nightmare, as shown in, ‘Death shocked her, life was more important. She wasn’t religious. She didn’t believe in heaven and hell, only in ghosts†¦ ‘ and her ultimate anti-religious statement, ‘to her death was the end of everything. At one with the One – it didn’t mean a thing besides a glass of Guinness on a sunny day. ‘ In all, Greene’s story is one of ‘good’ as the here and now, however demonic and hedonistic, triumphing over evil the eternal whereas Conan Doyle has no such moral depth to his story, just an impossible clue. Brighton Rock is unusual in this way. Greene is writing a crime story, usually the realm of light entertainment (popular fiction) but here, he transforms the whole novel with the psychoanalysis of Pinkie and the subtext of religion, damnation and salvation. Greene sums this up in the phrase that Pinkie comforts himself with, ‘between the stirrup and the ground he mercy sought and mercy found’. Through this quotation Greene explores the hypocrisy of religion and the way the all-forgiving belief enables people to sin and expect God to forgive. The psychosis of Pinkie is explored hand in hand with his love/hate relationship with the idea of Christianity, best shown in Pinkie’s treatment of the doll; ‘holding the Mother of God by the hair’ and ‘His fingers pulled absent mindedly at the doll’s hair’. The simile of the Mother of God being held by the hair reveals Pinkie as the ultimate misogynist; the one woman, as a Catholic and a Christian, he should revere he is holding by the hair.

Learning English

English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and has more second-language speakers than any other language. English is also the language of the Internet, and so studying, doing research, interacting with international companies and travelling is almost impossible without at least some English. It is now impossible to find a country where learning English has not become popular. You wish to travel someplace, you have to communicate. If you don't know the language of the country where you go, just try speaking English and they will understand. magine that you don't know english and you go to china and of course you don't know chinese and you need to find an address. how will you ask that address to some one ? and i can give you thousands of examples like that. Now in most of the job application the company ask about the languages you know. and all of them expect that you know english because international customers rely on English speaking employees to help them with day to day operations to interpret, translate and communicate directly with English speaking customers. Speak fluent English can improve job opportunities. There are other opportunities available for those who learn English. Learning English can improve the chances of being accepted into colleges. Learning English also can expand the ability to access news and information, much of which is generated only in English. if you are looking for an information on internet and if you are looking it in english you will find more than in your language. because english is an international language. you can find all the news , magazines, all the information you need you can find in english. as we all know music connects people to people. f you don't know english how will you understand the meaning of the song and how will you enjoy it. music is really important in life. imagine a life without music how boring will it be. no music on the radio when you are in rush? i really can't imagine a life like that . english is important for your education too. if you go to USA to study you get a better education than you will get in your country. you will mee t some new international friends and some hay if you need some think from the countries that you have friends you will solve it easily. in the end learning english is the best thing to do for your life.

Little Miss Sunshine Film Analysis

The film Little Miss Sunshine, Directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Farris, explores the lives of a regular American family and how they change their lives in front of us in the ‘Combie’ van on the road to the Little Miss Sunshine beauty pageant. The film examines the issues of winning and losing, and what it means to be a winner, throughout many sequences in the film as well as exploring the value of family.The directors and the cinematic team use an extreme range of camera techniques, costuming, and sound techniques to reshape our understanding of winning and losing in the world we live in today. Firstly the directors and their team use a variety of different camera techniques to shape our view on the characters, and ultimately change our view in the world. In the opening sequence each character is introduced using different camera shots. For example Olive’s father is first projected to the audience as a success.There is a sequence of close ups and mid ranged shots which show Richard confidently speaking in a spotlight at the front of the room. However the cinematic team then use a cut to a point of view shot of what Richard sees when he has finished talking, which allows us to then see how much of a failure he really is, as there is only five, half asleep, bored people in the room and only one person applauds Richards work. This first sequence allows us to see that Richard acts and feels like a winner to himself, but when he is seen with the rest of the world he is failure and a loser.The directors have used this sequence to shape our understanding of winning and losing as it employs the idea that winning and losing is based on comparing yourself to the rest of the world, instead of being on how you feel and view yourself. Secondly the costuming used in the film has a big effect on shaping our view on the characters and their position in the movie world. The characters in the Hoover family are costumed as a very average family. Through out the movie the Hoover family is suggested to be positioned at the lower end of the economic wealth scale.However this is most obvious when Olive finally reaches the Little Miss Sunshine competition. When all the competitors are introduced on stage we see Olive is far out of place just through her basic average costuming, compared to the other girls who are dressed like little Barbie dolls, with glittery clothes and excessive make up. Even though Olive is out of place and obviously doesn’t belong in the competition, she still reflects Grandpa’s view on classifying winners and losers which was introduced before he died. Grandpa believes that a real loser is someone who is so afraid of not winning they don’t even try.Through the costuming and Olives actions the directors implant that view of winning and losing into the audience, which then reflects on our world today, as we need to show more support, not for the winners of a competition, but the courage people h ave developed to enter a competition. The Final key technique which is employed by the cinematic team of Little Miss Sunshine is the use of sound. Throughout the film there is an evident mixture of diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. In the scene were Frank and Dwayne are out on the pier, starts with a non-diegetic voice over from the Little Miss Sunshine pageant saying ‘America, it’s so beautiful’.These words introduce the scene as the diegetic sounds of nature at the beach take over and remind us of nature’s healing presence as we then see the first real bonding between Frank and Dwayne. The directors have chosen to use these sound techniques to help the audience feel the repairing sense of nature as they start to learnt the value of family with frank and Dwayne. The value of family which is also reflected on our world is that no matter how much we try and push them away they will always be there when we need, and that’s the true value of family sho wn throughout the film.The film Little Miss Sunshine, Directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Farris, explores the lives of a regular American family to portray key values which should be inherited by our society. The film analyses the concepts of winning and losing, and what it means to be a winner, throughout many sequences in the film as well as exploring the value of family. The director and the cinematic team use an extreme range of camera techniques, costuming, and sound techniques to help the storyline shape our understanding of winning and losing in the world we live in today. Adrian Pace, Year 11 Word Count- 795